metabolic bone disease Flashcards
What is the cause of Type 1 primary osteoporosis
postmenopausal
What is the cause of type 2 primary diabetes
age (>70)
What is secondary osteoporosis
bone loss associated with other conditions
What hormone deficiency can expedite bone loss
estrogen
What medications can expedite bone loss
corticosteroids
Is osteoporosis quantitative or qualitative
quantitative
When does osteoporosis generally present and why
older age because after 30 bone remodeling becomes unbalanced
Bone resorption>bone formation
What are some modifiable factors with osteoporosis
ETOH, smoking, low body weight
sedentary life style
low ca, low vitamin D, corticosteroids
What are non-modifiable facts for osteoporosis
advanced age
caucasian or asian
female sex
What is the most common presentation for osteoporosis
asymptomatic
*generally a fragility fx (vertebral>hip>pelvis)
What is generally the source for a fragility fracture
typically, fall from standing height or less/ no identifiable trauma
What is the gold standard for diagnosis osteoporosis
DEXA
What are the indications for bone density testing
All postmenopausal women >65
Men >75
clinical risk fx/ hx prior fx
What is the DEXA score for someone with osteoporosis
-2.6 to -4
What is the DEXA score for osteopenia
-1 TO -2.5
if the T score is -1 to -1.5, when does the next DEXA need to be
Q 5 years
What is the T score range in those who need DEXA scans every 3-5 years
T score -1.5 to -2
When is a DEXA every 1-2 years required
t score <-2
What tests should be run to check for osteomalacia
Vitamin D level