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Human Anatomy Lecture > Head 2 > Flashcards

Head 2 Flashcards

1
Q

where is the posterior cavity of the eye and what is in it

A

behind lens
has vitreous humor

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2
Q

what is the function of vitreous humor

A

presses retina against choroid and helps maintain eyeball shape
important for forensics because can be drawn to find chemicals

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3
Q

explain the features of glaucoma

A

aqueous humor fluid builds up which raises pressure to compress and damage retina and optic nerve
eventually can cause blindness
cause is usually unknown

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4
Q

what is the arterial flow of the orbit

A

internal carotid artery, ophthalmic artery, short posterior ciliary artery, central retinal artery, lacrimal artery, lacrimal gland

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5
Q

what is the purpose of the short posterior ciliary artery

A

artery near optic disc
supplies choroid and outer later of retina

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6
Q

what is the purpose of the central retinal artery

A

enters eye with optic disc structures
supplies internal surface of retina

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7
Q

what is the venous flow of the orbit

A

vortex veins to superior and inferior ophthalmic veins to cavernous sinus

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8
Q

where is light refracted

A

lens and cornea

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9
Q

what are errors of refraction

A

lens can not round up either to aging or shape of eye ball
division which includes myopia (nearsightedness), presbyopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism

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10
Q

what near point of accommodation

A

closest point at which eye can focus on an object
gets longer as you age

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11
Q

what is presbyopia

A

condition where someones near point of accommodation is greater than 25 cm (farsightedness)

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12
Q

what causes nearsightedness (myopia) and how is it fixed

A

eyeball is too long so lens can’t flatten enough so the image focuses in front of the retina
use concave lenses

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13
Q

what is an astigmatism and how is it fixed

A

irregular curvature of cornea or lens which causes rays of light to not be evenly refracted
causes blurriness that can be fixes with corrective lenses

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14
Q

what part of the body is associated with vestibular sense

A

ear

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15
Q

what do ceruminous glands do

A

secrete cerumen (ear wax) which lubricates and waterproofs canal

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16
Q

1.)

A

auricle (pinna)

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17
Q

2.)

A

external auditory canal (external acoustic meatus)

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18
Q

3.)

A

helix

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19
Q

4.)

A

antihelix

20
Q

5.)

A

antitragus

21
Q

6.)

A

tragus

22
Q

what type of cartilage is the outer ear made out of

A

elastic cartilage

23
Q

what is the tympanic cavity or middle ear

A

hollow, air-filled mucous membrane-lined chamber found in the temporal bone
begins at the tympanic membrane and ends at the inner ear
contains three auditory ossicles

24
Q

what are the three auditory ossicles and what do they do

A

malleus, incus, and stapes
amplify and convert incoming sound waves in air into fluid movement

25
Q

explain features of otitis media

A

inflammation of middle ear
common in children due to upper respiratory infections
acute otitis media (AOM) - when pharyngotympanic tube allows pathogens from nasopharynx to travel into middle ear - tube is more short and horizontal
usually treated with antibiotics or tubes

26
Q

explain features of otosclerosis

A

ossicles fuse which prevents sound from traveling from middle to inner eat
can be inherited or come from an infection

27
Q

1.)

A

malleus

28
Q

2.)

A

incus

29
Q

3.)

A

stapes

30
Q

4.)

A

round window (cochlear window)

31
Q

5.)

A

pharyngotympanic tube

32
Q

6.)

A

oval window (vestibular window)

33
Q

what is the cochlea responsible for

A

hearing

34
Q

what are the vestibule and semicircular canals responsible for

A

detect head movement and position

35
Q

what nerves run through the internal acoustic meatus

A

CN 7 (facial) and 8 (vestibulocochlear)

36
Q

what are maculae

A

sensory epithelium in vestibule that have otolith
convey stimuli about head tilt and linear movement

37
Q

what does the crista ampullari do

A

has receptor cells that detect rotational movement

38
Q

what does endolymph do

A

transduces sound waves and head movements into electrical signals

39
Q

1.)

A

semicircular canals

40
Q

2.)

A

vestibule

41
Q

3.)

A

utricle

42
Q

4.)

A

saccule

43
Q

5.)

A

cochlea

44
Q

6.)

A

cristae ampullari

45
Q

7.)

A

maculae

46
Q

8.)

A

spiral organ

47
Q

explain features of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

A

calcium carbonate (otoliths) separated from normal attachments in inner ear
float in endolymph in crista ampullari
they can stimulate balance mechanism and cause feeling of spinning
primary and secondary types
primary: unknown cause
secondary: head trauma

Human Anatomy Lecture (18 decks)

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