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bio 141 Q1 > eukaryotic cells > Flashcards

eukaryotic cells Flashcards

1
Q

nucleus stores

A

DNA

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2
Q

DNA pieces called ______ carry instructions for running the cell, called ______.

A

chromosomes; genes

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3
Q

the nucleolus produces

A

ribosomes

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4
Q

ribosomes use instructions from the nucleus to produce

A

proteins

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5
Q

where do ribosomes function?

A

cytoplasm or rough endoplasmic reticulum

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6
Q

smooth ER functions to…

A

-create lipids
-break down carbs
-detoxify things
-store calcium

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7
Q

rough ER is where ribosomes…

A

make proteins

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8
Q

vesicles are sacs of membrane used for

A

storage (proteins) and transport

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9
Q

golgi apparatus acts like a …

A

shipping center

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10
Q

cis face of golgi apparatus

A

receives transport vesicles

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11
Q

trans face of golgi apparatus

A

creates transport vehicles

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12
Q

lysosomes breaks and recycles…

A

proteins

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13
Q

what do lysosomes use to break down protein?

A

hydrolysis

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14
Q

what prevents lysosomes from destroying ALL proteins in the cell?

A

Lysosomes have acidic internal environment and can only break down proteins in acid, so if they break out into the rest of the cell, they will not work.

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15
Q

vacuole

A

large vesicle that stores things

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16
Q

how do mitochondria make energy?

A

they convert macromolecules into ATP

17
Q

mitochondria have their own….

A

DNA (from mom)

18
Q

how do chloroplasts (in plants) generate energy?

A

collect energy from sun and turn it into ATP

19
Q

third membrane of chloroplast is called

A

thylakoid (where ATP is made)

20
Q

grana

A

stack of thylakoids

21
Q

stroma

A

fluid outside thylakoids

22
Q

peroxisome function to take H away from something and give it to an ___ molecule to make _____

A

O2, H2O2

23
Q

thickest cytoskeleton element

A

microtubules

24
Q

cilia are (long/short) with (sweeping/fish) movements

A

short; sweeping

25
Q

flagella are (long/short) with (sweeping/fish) movements

A

long; fish

26
Q

thinnest cytoskeleton element

A

microfilament (actin)

27
Q

in plants, cell walls are composed of

A

cellulose

28
Q

in fungi, cell walls are composed of

A

chitin

29
Q

tight junction: plant, animal?

A

animal

30
Q

tight junction function

A

tightly connect membranes making it hard for fluid to pass between cells

31
Q

gap junctions (animal) are formed by

A

proteins called connexons

32
Q

which junction chemically connects cells?

A

gap junctions

33
Q

membrane proteins are ___% of the molecule, but __% of the weight

A

2; 50

34
Q

membrane protein functions

A

-transport hydrophilic molecules through membrane
-cell cell recognition (often carbohydrates as glycoproteins)
-cell adhesion
receptors

35
Q

osmoregulation

A

control of ratio between water and solutes

bio 141 Q1 (22 decks)

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