Death And The Afterlife Pt2 Developemtns

Question 1

What did jnd kelly argue about early Christian eschatology

Answer 1

She argued that it focused on parousia, resurrection, judgement and the end of the present time
- it was not very well thought out and was flawed

Question 2

How can helol be seen as a spiritual stage

Answer 2

Origen argued that hell is a spiritual state. He argued that punishment is not inflicted by god through satan rather punishment is each persons own interior anguish of being separated by god
- Origen did not see he’ll as a eternal state, it will pass when the world is redeemed

Question 3

How can helol be seen as conscience

Answer 3

Gregory of Nysa argued that judgement and torture of hell is a cause of a guilty conscience in front of Christ

Question 4

What si the traditional view of hell

Answer 4

Hell punishment is eternal
- hell illustrates the necessity of belief in Christa nd redemption
- also illustrates gods justice

Question 5

What was Dante’s vision of hell

Answer 5

Dante’s vision of hell cns be found in his work divine comedy
- he presents he’ll as a completely dysfunctional state which was created at the moment of Jesus death
- it is the antithesis of hell, reason is replaced with irrationality, dwellers have no faith in gods and lack of hope

Question 6

What does Santa rogue about the stages of hell

Answer 6

• Dante argues there are 9 circles of hell all based on aristotleans and Christian virtues.
• at each circle each sin is met with adequate punishment
• the 9th circle fo hell is the deepest and the most heinous of vices is put there, the sin of fraud through treachery. This is seen as the ultimate misuse of reason
• satans throne is in the 9th stage

Question 7

Should hell type of language be used

Answer 7

• existentialist theologians argue that he’ll type of language should be used if the traditional metaphors are interpreted as psychological and spiritual descriptions of human alienation
• Paul Tillich agrees with this view as he argues “heaven and hell must be taken seriously.. metaphors for polar ultimates kf divine experience
• argues he’ll should be seen as a state of alienation and a disembodied state of being

Question 8

What does stare believe about hell

Answer 8

Satre gives an example of this existential type of hell in his play
- 3 people have just died and are awaiting for the hell as presented by Dante, however they realise that he’ll is living with their sins.
They all torment each other about their failures and realise they themselves are the torture
- they have been alienated from the human state

Question 9

How is hell presented as eternal seprateion

Answer 9

• RCC believ that hell is not an idea but rather a real eternal staete.
  It is a punishment for mortal sins such as hating on one’s neighbour and not doing good for the poor and weak. Dying in a state of mortal sin with no repentance leads to being superheated from god eternally as punishment
• the notion of hell is to urge people to use freedom wisely and do good as god doesn’t chose to sentence people to hell, it is a result of free choice - it is self imposed

Question 10

What are the general views of purgatory

Answer 10

No support in the NT for purgatory but is seen as an extension in the chance of repentance by Catholic and Protestant

Question 11

What does Ambrose see purgatory as

Answer 11

Ambrose sees he’ll as a place where souls wait whilst waiting for judgement and they are given a foretaste of what is in store for them

Question 12

What does Origen argue about purgatory

Answer 12

Purgatory acts as a probationary school where the soul is given the chance to develop and become perfect

Question 13

What does Gregory of Nysa believ

Answer 13

Gregory of Nysa believes that purgatory is a place where the soul can purify themselves, both the good and wicked can cleanse themselves to receive gods eternal presence

Question 14

What is Dante’s view of purgatory

Answer 14

• a place for Christian’s who believe in Christ and repented before death go
  In purgatory these people can purge themselves of any sin and wrong doing
• uses the imagery of the soul ascending up a mountain where the peak is heaven itself
• the driving force of the soul is love

Question 15

What is the view of the Catholic Church on purgatory

Answer 15

• despite catholics church teaching there is no evidence of purgatory in the NT, Ideas such as purifying through fire supports the idea of purgatory and suggest some sin can be forgiven
• it is seen as another stage in a persons journey to redemption
• explains why the church prays for departed souls

Question 16

What is John hicks view on purgatory

Answer 16

• many Protestants reject the view of purgatory due to lack of biblical support
• However some Protestant theologians such as John hick argue that it makes logical sense to have a intermediate state which can fulfil the gap between an individuals imperfection at the end of their life and heavenly perfection.
• hick sees the after life as a continuation of the person making process which began on earth and will end when we reach divine presence fo god