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Computer Science > Network topologies > Flashcards

Network topologies Flashcards

1
Q

What are nodes

A

Any device that’s connected to a network

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2
Q

What is a networks topology

A

The arrangement, or pattern, in which all nodes on a network are connected together

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3
Q

What are the 2 most common topologies

A

-Star topologies
-Mesh topologies

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4
Q

What is a star topology

A

All nodes indirectly connect to each other through one or more switches

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5
Q

What is a switch

A

A device for connecting computers and other network capable devices together to form a network

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6
Q

Advantages of star topology

A

-Each node is separately connected therefore the failure of one node does not effect the rest
-New nodes can be added without disrupting anything
-Tend to have a higher performance as a message is passed to its intended recipient only

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7
Q

Disadvantages of star topology

A

-The whole system fails if the switch fails
-A wired star topology requires plenty of cable - in a large network this can be expensive

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8
Q

Where a star topologies commonly found

A

In large organisations and schools where high performance is a must

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9
Q

What is a mesh network

A

When there is no central point instead each node is connected to at least one other if not more. The nodes act as relays, passing on a message to its final destination

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of mesh topologies

A

-Full mesh
-Partial mesh

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11
Q

What are full mesh networks

A

When every node is connected to every other node

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12
Q

What are partial mesh networks

A

When not all nodes are connected so it has fewer routes for the message to be passes across.

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13
Q

Advantages of mesh topology

A

-Messages can be received more quickly if the route to the intended recipient is short
-Messages should always get through as they have many possible routes in which to travel
-Multiple connections mean no node should be isolated
-Multiple connections mean each node can transmit to and receive from more than one node at the same time
-New nodes can be added without interruption with other nodes

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of mesh topologies

A

-Full mesh networks can be impractical to set up because of the high number of connections needed
-Many connections require a lot of maintenance

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15
Q

When a mesh topologies often used

A

When the reliability of network communication is very important
-Military
-Emergency services

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16
Q

What do wireless networks use

A

Wi-fi to signal between nodes

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17
Q

What do wireless networks have to have

A

Wireless access points (WAP_

18
Q

Advantages of using Wi-Fi

A

-New nodes can be easily added without interruption to the network
-Users can move around freely and stay connected

19
Q

Disadvantages of using Wi-Fi

A

-Wi-Fi signals have limited range usually no more than 50 metres
-Wi-Fi signals can suffer from electromagnetic inteferance from other devices and even other Wi-Fi signals
-Each WAP only has so much bandwidth to share among connected notes
-Wi-Fi signals pose a security risk as they can be intercepted by unauthorised users. This is why they are encrypted

20
Q

What are the two products that govern addressing

A

-Internet Protocol (IP)
-Media access control (MAC)

21
Q

What does an IP address look like

A

192.168.0.254

22
Q

What does a mac address look like

A

Hexadecimal- 1A:5B:6H:98:78:35

23
Q

Name the 5 other protocols

A

-TCP/IP
-HTTP and HTTPS
-FTP
-SMTP
-POP and IMAP

24
Q

What is TCP/IP

A

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - enables communication over the internet.

25
Q

What is HTTP and HTTPS

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol - governs communication between a webserver and a client. HTTPS (secure) includes secure encryption to allow transactions to be made over the internet.

26
Q

What is FTP

A

File Transfer Protocol - governs the transmission of files across a network and the internet.

27
Q

What is SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - governs the sending of email over a network to a mail server.

28
Q

What is POP and IMAP

A

Post Office Protocol and Internet Message Access Protocol - govern retrieving emails from email servers. POP is an older implementation, largely replaced by IMAP.

29
Q

What is network layering

A

Breaking the sending of a message into separate components and activities.

30
Q

What are the 4 layers that need to be considered

A

-Application layer
-Transport layer
-Network layer
-Link layer

31
Q

What happens in the application layer

A

Encodes/decodes the message in a form that is understood by the sender and the recipient.

32
Q

What happens in the transport layer

A

Breaks down the message into small chunks (packets). Each packet is given a packet number and the total number of packets. The recipient uses this information to assemble the packets together in the correct order. It also allows the recipient to see if there are any missing packets.

33
Q

What happens in the network layer

A

Adds the sender’s IP address and that of the recipient. The network then knows where to send the message, and where it came from.

34
Q

What happends in the link layer

A

Enables the transfer of packets between nodes on a network, and between one network and another.

35
Q

What does layering allow

A

Standards to be put in place and simply adapted ad new hardware and software is developed

36
Q

What does packet switching do

A

Breaks messages up into smaller sections known as packets. Each packet is sent separately across the network.

37
Q

How do packets travel

A

They are split up and go the most direct route so they don’t always go the same route as the other

38
Q

What does each packet include

A

-Header
-Payload

39
Q

What is the header of a packet

A

This includes the sender’s and recipient’s IP addresses, the packet number, the total number of packets the message contains, plus the details of any protocols used

40
Q

What is the payload of a packet

A

This is part of the actual message itself

Computer Science (8 decks)

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