Module 2: KAPWA Flashcards
(22 cards)
A Core Concept in Filipino Social Psychology by Virgilio Enriquez
Kapwa
Sikolohiyang Pilipino Sa Ugnayan ng Pahinungod: Pakikipagkapwa at Pagbabagong-dangal ng mga Pilipino by _____
Grace Aguiling-Dalisay
“Indigenous Filipino Values: A Foundation for a Culture of Non-Violence” by ______
Katrin De Guia
Filipino Psychology in the Third World by _______
Virgilio Enriquez
meaningful concepts for understanding a society can most probably be identified in its ______
indigenous language.
The bases of interaction among people is clearly an important aspect of social life. Without doubt, an analysis of social interaction in the Philippine environment as codified in the language reveals a lot about our world-view and character.
The Concept of KAPWA
8 levels of KAPWA according to Santiago and Enriquez [1976]
(1) pakikitungo (transaction/civility with)
(2) pakikisalimuha (interaction with)
(3) pakikilahok (joining/participating with)
(4) pakikibagay (in conformity with/in accord with)
(5) pakikisama (being along with)
(6)pakikipagpalagayan/pakikipagpalagayang-loob (being in rapport/understanding/acceptance of)
(7) pakikisangkot (getting involved)
(8) pakikiisa (being one with)
- “pagsunod sa atas ng mabuting asal ayon sa kaugalian sa pakikipagkapwa” _______
- “mga kilos, loobin at salita ng isang taong nagpapahiwatig ng ganap at lubos na pagmamahal, pagkakaunawa, at pagtanggap sa
minimithi bilang sariling mithiin din.” _________
pakikitungo and pakikiisa (Santiago at Enriquez 159)
The different levels of interpersonal relations are not just conceptually but also _______ different.
behaviourally
two general categories under KAPWA
- Ibang-tao or “Outsider” Category Levels
- Hindi ibang-tao or “One of us” Category Levels:
five behaviourally recognizable levels under two general
categories of KAPWA
- Ibang-tao or “Outsider” Category Levels:
- Pakikitungo (level of amenities)
- Pakikibagay (level of conforming)
- Pakikisama (level of adjusting)
- Hindi ibang-tao or “One of us” Category Levels:
- Pakikipagpalagayang-loob (level of mutual trust)
- Pakikiisa (level of fusion, oneness and full trust)
It is the only concept which embraces both the categories of
“outsider” (ibang-tao) and “one of us” (hindi ibang-tao).
KAPWA
Filipino-English dictionaries generally give the words ______ and ______ as translations of kapwa
“both” and “fellow-being”
The concept of pakikipagkapwa turns out to be very important _______ as well as _______.
psychologically, philosophically
_______ is another term which can be used to refer to all levels of interaction.
- also connotes the most “superficial” level of interaction: level of amenities as Santiago puts it.
pagtutunguhan
A person starts having a kapwa not so much because of a recognition of status given him by others but more so because of his _______________
awareness of shared identity.
The _______ and the ___________ are one and the same in kapwa psychology: Hindi ako iba sa aking kapwa (I am no different from others).
ako (ego) and iba-sa-akin (others)
He notes that all cultures distinguish between the in-group and the out-group; the member and the non-member; the insider and the outsider.
Brislin [1977]
For the ________ the ibang-tao (outsider) is kapwa in the same manner that the hindi ibang-tao (one of us) is also kapwa (the unity of the one of us and the other).
Bulakeno
Presumably because of the importance of kapwa, the Filipino language has two pronouns for the English “we”: _____ , an inclusive “we”, and ______, an exclusive “we”.
tayo - inclusive
kami - exclusive
three “evil” characters in Philippine interpersonal relations.
(1) the walang pakikisama (one inept at the level of adjustment);
(2) the walang hiya (one who lacks a sense of propriety); and
(3) the walang utang na loob (one who lacks adeptness in reciprocating by way of gratitude).
__________ is even closer than pakikisama in meaning to pakikipagkapwa
pakikisalimuha
