ABA Lesson 5&6

Question 1

Les 5 Objective vs Subjective

Answer 1

Objective = Observable + Measurable
Subjective = Emotional + Judgmental

Question 2

Continuous vs Discontinuous Data Collection

Answer 2

Continuous - Captures every possible behavioral occurrence by recording either every instance of behavior or the actual duration of each instance of behavior.
Discontinuous - Captures a sample of behavior during an observation by recording whether the behavior is occurring at designated points in time.

Question 3

Continuous vs Discontinuous numbers

Answer 3

Continuous - Numbers that occur in a range; used for collecting data on behaviors with unclear stop and start points.
Discrete - Whole numbers used for measuring behaviors that have an easily discernible stop and start.

Question 4

Social Validity

Answer 4

The degree to which treatment goals and procedures are acceptable and meaningful to recipients and their communities of support.

Question 5

Dead Man’s Test

Answer 5

If a dead man can do it, it is not behavior.

Question 6

(Les 6) Basic principle of 3-term contingency

Answer 6

Question 7

Reinforcers vs Punishers

Answer 7

Reinforcers [are consequences that] increase the future frequency of the behaviors that precede them.
Punishers decrease the future frequency of behaviors that precede them.

Question 8

Reinforcer/Punisher types

Answer 8

Question 9

Automatic reinforcement

Answer 9

Behavior is maintained by sensory mechanisms, independent of the social environment.

Question 10

What are the 8 categories of reinforcement?

Answer 10

GOT VAST:
1) Gustatory;
2) Olfactory;
3) Tactile (how things feel on skin);
4) Vestibular (sense of balance, move)
5) Visual
6) Auditory
7) Social and
8) Thermal

Question 11

Pairing?

Answer 11

Presenting a stimulus with a highly reinforcing stimulus or highly punishing stimulus in order to condition it to have the same reinforcing or punishing properties. The term is often used to refer to pairing people with preferred items or activities in order to establish the person as a reinforcer.

Question 12

Reasons the Consequence is not controlling the behavior

Answer 12

Question 13

Positive reinforcement?

Answer 13

A behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior occurring in similar circumstances.

Question 14

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 14

A behavior is followed immediately by the removal, termination, reduction or postponement of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar circumstances.
- when you think about negative reinforcement examples, think of things that are going wrong in your life, and you want them to stop
e.g. the annoying sound that your car makes until you fasten your seatbelt and the annoying sound stops.

Question 15

Negative reinforcement vs punishment

Answer 15

There is nothing unpleasant about negative reinforcement.

Question 16

Schedule of reinforcement

Answer 16

The response required that must be met to obtain reinforcement

Question 17

Fixed schedules of reinforcement

Answer 17

Fixed Interval - Ruth’s behavior plan instructs staff to give her a 5 minute break for every 30 minutes of on-task behavior.
Fixed Ratio - Ruth’s behavior plan instructs staff to give her a 5 minute break every time she completes 5 academic tasks.
Fixed Time - Ruth’s behavior plan instructs staff to give her a 5 minute break every hour.

Question 18

Continuous reinforcement schedule

Answer 18

A schedule in which every instance of the targeted behavior is reinforced;
- a special form of a fixed reinforcement schedule called a continuous reinforcement schedule; also called FR 1
e.g. if you think about a person who is very fearful of heights and they begin to climb a staircase, in the beginning, the therapist who was working with them will walk side by side with them and deliver comforting, encouraging words with every step.

Question 19

satiation

Answer 19

A decrease in motivating operations resulting from over-exposure to the reinforcer.
- decrease in motivation for a reinforcer based on the schedule
- you have to wait until time elapses and the person is motivated to seek the reinforcer again.

Question 20

Variable Schedules of Reinforcement

Answer 20

Variable Interval - Ruth’s behavior plan instructs staff to give her a five minute break for an average of 30 minutes of on-task behavior.
Variable Ratio - Ruth’s behavior plan instructs staff to give her a five minute break when she completes an average of five academic tasks.
Variable Time - Ruth’s behavior plan instructs staff to give her a break approximately every hour.

Question 21

the time reinforcement schedule

has no behavioral contingency involved

Answer 21

simply delivering the reinforcement on a schedule, which can be a variable schedule or a fixed schedule to unpair the delivery of the reinforcement with the behavior.
e.g. About once every hour, we would ask the teacher to put her on a non contingent attention schedule and to just go over and give her individual attention about every 45 minutes to stop Angela from screaming.