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Kaplan: Pathology > Principles of Neoplasia > Flashcards

Principles of Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Sarcoma

A

a malignant tumor arising from mesenchymal cells

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2
Q

Carcinoma

A

malignant tumor arising from epithelial cells

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3
Q

Lymphoma and leukemia

A

cancer arising from blood cells and their progenitors

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4
Q

Nitrosamines can typically lead to what types of cancer?

A

gastric cancer

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5
Q

Cigarette smoke typically leads to what type of cancer?

A

multiple malignancies

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6
Q

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons typically leads to what type of cancer?

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

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7
Q

Asbestos typically leads to what type of carcinoma?

A

bronchogenic, mesothelioma

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8
Q

Chromium and nickel typically lead to what type of carcinoma?

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

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9
Q

Arsenic exposure typically leads to what type of carcinoma?

A

sq. cell carcinomas of skin and lung, angiosarcoma of the liver

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10
Q

Vinyl chloride typically leads to what type of carcionoma?

A

angiosarcoma of the liver

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11
Q

Aromatic amines and azo dyes typically lead to what type of carcionma?

A

hepatocellular carcionoma

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12
Q

Alkylating agents typically lead to what type of carcinoma?

A

leukemia, lymphoma, other cancers

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13
Q

Benzene exposure typically leads to what type of carcinoma?

A

leukemia

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14
Q

Naphthylamine exposure leads to what type of cancer?

A

bladder cancer

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15
Q

What does Ames test dectect?

A

any mutagenic effects of potential carcinogens on bacterial cells in culture

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16
Q

What is xeroderma pigmentosum?

A

AR disorder which is an inherited defect in DNA repair in which the pyrimidine dimers formed with UVB sunlight cannot be repaired; this defect predisposes to skin cancer

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17
Q

Name an RNA oncogenic virus.

A

Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1 causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

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18
Q

Name some DNA oncogenic viruses.

A

Hep B

EBV

HPV

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8)

19
Q

Name the tumor, gene product, and MOA of FGF3 and FGF4?

A

Tumor: cancer of the stomach, breast, bladder and Kaposi sarcoma

Gene product: growth factors, fibroblast growth factors

MOA: overexpression

20
Q

Name the type of tumor, gene products, and MOA of PDGFRA?

A

Tumor: astrocytoma
Gene product: PDGF
MOA: overexpression

21
Q

Name the tumor, gene products and MOA associated with ERBB1?

A

Tumor: squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Gene Product: growth factor receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor
MOA: overexpression

22
Q

Name the tumor, gene products and MOA associated with ERBB2?

A

Tumor: breast, ovary, lung
Gene product: epidermal growth factor receptor
MOA: amplification

23
Q

Name the tumor, gene products and MOA associated with ERBB3?

A

Tumor: breast
Gene product: epidermal growth factor
MOA: overexpression

24
Q

Name the tumor, gene product, and MOA associated with RET?

A

Tumor: MEN 2A & 2B, failial thyroid (medullary) cancer
Gene product: glial neurotrophic factor receptor
MOA: point mutation

25
Q

Name the tumor, gene product, and MOA associated with ABL?

A

Tumor: CML, ALL
Gene product: signal transduction proteins
bcr-abl fusion protein with tyrosine kinase activity
MOA: translocation t(9;22)

26
Q

Name the tumor, gene product, and MOA associated with KRAS?

A

Tumor: lung, pancreas, and colon
Gene product: GTP binding protein
MOA: point mutation

27
Q

Name the tumor, gene product, and MOA associated with MYC?

A

Tumor: Burkitt lymphoma
Gene product: nuclear regulatory protein
MOA: translocation t(8:14)

28
Q

What is the tumor, gene product, and MOA associated with MYCL?

A

tumor: small cell lung carcinoma
gene product: nuclear regulatory protein
MOA: amplification

29
Q

What is the tumor, gene product, and MOA associated with MYCN?

A

tumor: neuroblastoma
gene product: nuclear regulatory protein
MOA: amplification

30
Q

What is the tumor, gene product, and MOA associated with CCND1?

A

tumor: mantle cell lymphoma
gene product: cell cycle regulatory proteins, cyclin D protein
MOA: translocation t(11; 14)

31
Q

What is the tumor, gene product, and MOA associated with CDK4?

A

tumor: melanoma, GBM
gene product: cyclin dependent kinase
MOA: amplification

32
Q

VHL gene tumor association?

A

von Hippel-Lindau disease, renal cell carcionoma

chromosome 3p25.3

33
Q

WT1 gene tumor association?

A

Wilms tumor 11p13

34
Q

WT2 gene tumor association?

A

Wilms tumor 11p.15.5

35
Q

RB1 gene tumor association?

A

retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma

13q14.2

36
Q

TP53 gene tumor association?

A

lung, breast, colon, and others

17p13.1

37
Q

BRCA1 gene association?

A

hereditary breast and ovary cancer

17q21.31

38
Q

BRCA2 gene association?

A

hereditary breast cancer

13q13.1

39
Q

BRCA2 gene association?

A

hereditary breast cancer

13q13.1

39
Q

DCC gene association?

A

colon cancer
18q21.2

39
Q

NF1 gene association?

A

neurofibromas

17q11.2

39
Q

APC gene association?

A

adenomatous polyps and colon cancer

5q22.2

40
Q

NF2 gene association?

A

acoustic neuromas, meningiomas

22q12.2

41
Q

Name some diseases associated with DNA repair?

A

xeroderma pigmentosum and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

Kaplan: Pathology (10 decks)

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