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Science > Science Term 3 test Fossil Fuels > Flashcards

Science Term 3 test Fossil Fuels Flashcards

1
Q

Define energy

A
  • Energy is ability to do work and make change.
  • Everything we do uses energy
  • We can store or use the energy
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2
Q

Define Kinetic energy

A

*This is the energy possessed by a moving object

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3
Q

Throwing a ball

A

Kinetic energy

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4
Q

Moving bus

A

Kinetic energy

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5
Q

Water flowing through a dam

A

Kinetic energy

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6
Q

Define Potential energy

A

*Stored energy is potential energy
*Can be used another time

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7
Q

A ball in the hands of a boy

A

Potential energy

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8
Q

Bus filled with fuel

A

Potential energy

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9
Q

Water behind the dam

A

Potential energy

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10
Q

Define Atom

A

*Substances are made of particles called atoms
*Smallest unit of elements

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11
Q

Element

A

*Substances that are made up of one specific type of atom

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12
Q

Define Periodic Table

A

*Where to get information about all known elements and where new elements can be placed
*2 key sections - metal and non-metals.

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13
Q

Define Alkali metals

A

alkali metal, any of the six chemical elements that make up Group 1 (Ia) of the periodic table—namely, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). The alkali metals are so called because reaction with water forms alkalies (i.e., strong bases capable of neutralizing acids)

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14
Q

Define halogens

A

Halogens are the chemical elements that are present in the 17th group of periodic table. Halogen is derived from the Greek word “Halo” which means salts and “gen” which means formation. As the name suggest they are helpful in generating salts with metals.

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15
Q

Define Nobel gases

A

A gaseous chemical element that does not readily enter into chemical combination with other elements. An inert gas. Examples are helium, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.

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16
Q

Metals

A

Left of the line except for hydrogen which is a nonmetal

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17
Q

Non metals

A

Right of the line

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18
Q

Define metals

A

*Good conductor of heat and electricity
* Most of metals are solid at room temperature except mercury which is solid
*Shiny appearance

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19
Q

Define Non-metals

A
  • Bad conductor of heat and electricity
  • Many of the elemental nonmetals are gases at room temperature, while others are liquid and others are solids
    *Dull appearance
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20
Q

Carbon

A

non-metal

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21
Q

Aluminium

A

Metal

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22
Q

Silicon

A

non-metal

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23
Q

Oxygen

A

Non-metal

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24
Q

Calcium

A

metal

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25
Q

Sodium

A

Metal

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26
Q

Define Electrons

A

*Negative charge
*Mass of 1/1840 of a proton/neutron

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27
Q

Define Protons

A

*Positive charge
*Same mass as a neutron

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28
Q

Define Neutron

A

*Particles with no charge.
*Same mass as a proton

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29
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons/electrons

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30
Q

Mass number

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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31
Q

Number of neutrons

A

Mass number subtract atomic number

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32
Q

Electronic configuration

A

1st energy level = 2 electrons
2nd energy level = 8 electrons
3rd energy level = 8 electrons
4th energy level = 16 electrons

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33
Q

Define Compound

A
  • Substance made up of two or more different elements
  • Combined chemically
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34
Q

Is water a compound

A

Yes, hydrogen + oxygen

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35
Q

Is salt a compound

A

Yes, Sodium + Chlorine

36
Q

Is cereal a compound

A

No it is a mixture, milk + cereal

37
Q

Is avacado toast a compound

A

No it is a mixture, avacado + toast

38
Q

Define mixture

A

*2 or more substances are mixed but arent chemically combined

39
Q

What are the 3 main fossil fuels

A

Coal, oil, and natural gas

40
Q

Define seepages

A

where oil seeps out of the ground

41
Q

Hydropower

A

renewable

42
Q

Solar

A

renewable

43
Q

Biomass

A

renewable

44
Q

Wind

A

Renewable

45
Q

Coal

A

Non-renewable

46
Q

Geothermal

A

Renewable

47
Q

Nucleur

A

Non-renewable

48
Q

Oil

A

non-renewable

49
Q

Natural Gas

A

Non-renewable

50
Q

How are fossil fuels extracted?

A

Drilling & Mining

51
Q

List separation method

A

Extraction
Chromatography

52
Q

Define Extraction

A

Separating different componenets present in the same substance

53
Q

Define chromatography

A
  • Chromatography is used to separate soluble (dissovlved) solid materials so they can be identified
    *Its used to see how many substances are present
54
Q

Define Substance

A

physical material from which something is made or which has discrete existence

55
Q

Distillation

A

Used to separate 2 liquids which are mixed (Soluble) or a solid and a liquid (insoluble)

56
Q

Simple distillation process

A
  • Solution is heated in a flask until it boils and the steam rises
  • The condenser around the outside is cooled by flowing water
    *The steam condenses back into liquid and is collected
57
Q

Red

A

Strong acid

58
Q

Orange/yellow

A

weak acid

59
Q

Green

A

neutral

60
Q

blue

A

weak base

61
Q

Purple

A

strong base

62
Q

Blue litmus turns red

A

acid

63
Q

Red litmus paper turns blue

A

base

64
Q

ph 0

A

most acidic

65
Q

ph 7

A

neutral

66
Q

ph 14

A

most base

67
Q

Define acid

A
  • Sour taste
  • Good for food preservation (Kills germs)
  • Substance with a ph lower than 7
68
Q

Define Base

A
  • Bitter taste
  • Feels slimy/slippery
  • Ph above 7
  • Good for cleaning
69
Q

Define Neutralisation reaction

A
  • When base neutralises an acid
  • returns ph to 7
70
Q

Conclusion

A

A summary of what you saw happening and whether it matched your hypothesis

71
Q

Define Global warming

A

The rise in temperature of the surface of the earth

72
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

Increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases leads to greater greenhouse effect

73
Q

List 4 greenhouse gases

A

1 carbon dioxide
2 methane
3 nitrous oxide
4 water vapour

74
Q

greenhouse effect process

A

1) Sun rays enter earth’s atmosphere as light and heat energy
2)Some of the heat is reflected from the earth’s surface
3) Some of the heat escapes
4) Some of the heat gets absorbed by the green house gases in the atmosphere
5) Earth gets hotter

75
Q

Define combustion

A

burning a fuel in oxygen
The product formed is an oxidised form of the original (If a substance oxidizes, it combines with oxygen and loses hydrogen to form another substance)

76
Q

climate

A

the weather conditions in a certain area

77
Q

What happens to nonmetal and oxygen when burnt?

A

Carbon dioxide + Water

78
Q

what are the environmental impacts of coal?

A
  • The burning of coal produces a lot of waste products such as the metal mercury.
  • Burning of coal produces sulfur dioxide which makes acid rain
  • Mining for coal uses a lot of water which drains rivers
79
Q

How does natural gas affect the environment?

A

*Produces carbon dioxide
*Non renewable
*Price is increasing because supplies are running out

80
Q

How does oil affect the environment?

A

*Carbon dioixde
*In order to extract other chemicals will be used
* Extracting oil results in large oil spills which harm ocean wildlife

81
Q

What causes incompletecombustion of fuels?

A

lack of oxygen

82
Q

What are the products of the complete combustion of coal? You may pick more than one option

A

Carbon dioxide
Water

83
Q

Sodium (Na) has 11 electrons.How many electron shells does sodium have?

A

3

84
Q

What is ocean acidification? (3 statements)

A

Cause by too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

When carbon dioxide goes into the water, forms carbonic acid

Lowers the pH of the water

85
Q

What is one negative impact of ocean acidification?

A

Food webs and ecosystems disrupted

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