[02] Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

What are the two main types of cells in the human body?

Answer 1

• Eukaryotic cells
• Prokaryotic cells

Question 2

Which type of cell is the human cell?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic cell

Question 3

What distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 3

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 4

Define “nucleus” in the context of a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 4

It’s the cell’s control center, housing the DNA.

Question 5

What are “membrane-bound organelles” in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 5

They are structures with specific functions, enclosed within their own lipid bilayers.

Question 6

Name three key membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 6

• Mitochondria
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus

Question 7

Define “mitochondria” in the context of a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 7

The organelle that produces energy in the form of ATP.

Question 8

Define “endoplasmic reticulum” in the context of a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 8

An organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Question 9

Define “Golgi apparatus” in the context of a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 9

An organelle responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.

Question 10

What are the main functions of a cell?

Answer 10

• Energy production
• Protein synthesis
• Reproduction and genetic information processing

Question 11

Define “energy production” in the context of cell function.

Answer 11

The process by which cells generate energy, primarily through the mitochondria.

Question 12

Define “protein synthesis” in the context of cell function.

Answer 12

The process of creating proteins from amino acids, primarily in the ribosomes.

Question 13

Define “reproduction and genetic information processing” in the context of cell function.

Answer 13

The process of cell division (mitosis or meiosis) and DNA replication, transcription, and translation.

Question 14

What could happen if a cell fails to properly execute its functions?

Answer 14

It can lead to disease or cellular death.

Question 15

What diseases can occur due to failure in energy production at the cellular level?

Answer 15

Conditions like Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or certain types of heart disease.

Question 16

What conditions can arise due to a failure in protein synthesis at the cellular level?

Answer 16

Diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis or sickle cell anemia.

Question 17

What conditions can arise due to a failure in cellular reproduction and genetic information processing?

Answer 17

Conditions like cancer or genetic disorders.

Question 18

Define “Chronic Fatigue Syndrome” in the context of cell function failure.

Answer 18

A disease characterized by persistent and unexplained fatigue, potentially linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Question 19

Define “Cystic Fibrosis” in the context of cell function failure.

Answer 19

A genetic disorder that affects the cells producing mucus, sweat, and digestive juices, caused by a mutation in the gene for a protein called CFTR.

Question 20

Define “cancer” in the context of cell function failure.

Answer 20

A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division and growth.