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Security Foundations - D481 > Lesson 3 - Network and Transport Layers > Flashcards

Lesson 3 - Network and Transport Layers Flashcards

1
Q

What Layer does the IP Protocol Operate

A

Layer 3 - Network/Internet

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2
Q

What layer does the Transmission Control and User Datagram Protocol reside

A

Layer 4 - Transmit

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3
Q

Describe TCP and UDP and their key dfferences

A

TCP is a reliable end-to end communication channel for IP packets and guarantees delivery

UDP is a datagram delivery service with best effort delivery

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4
Q

Name Several Protocols operating at Level 3 - Network

A

Internet Protocol (IP)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Internet Protocol Security Suite (IPSec/VPN)
AppleTalk

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5
Q

What is the key purpose of Layer 4 Transport

A

to provide a transparent and reliable data transfer between computers

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6
Q

Which protocols operate at Transport Layer

A

TCP
UDP
Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP

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7
Q

What is IP’s primary services

A

Packet Routing.
protocol relies solely on the network address to determine each packet’s next logical step

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8
Q

The process of adding the IP header data is called _______

A

Encapsulation

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9
Q

True of False - IP has centralized management

A

False

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10
Q

True of False - IP provides automatic notification of lost packets

A

False - this is the decentralized and dynamic approach to IP. Upper layers handle lost packets. this is based on original DOD requirements

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11
Q

Which IP (v4 or V6) uses Checksums

A

IP V4. V6 relies on upper layer to increase performance

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12
Q

What Base Numbering System do MAC Addressed us

A

16 Base Numbering or Hexadecimal (Hex)

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13
Q

How many Bits are in MAC Address

A

48 with first 24 assigned to vendor and 24 for the unique identifier

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14
Q

How many unique IPv4 addresses

A

4.2 billion

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15
Q

IP v4 is based on how many bits

A

32

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16
Q

How many classes of IP v4

A

4 Classes
Class A - 255.0.0.0 (bits)
Class B - 255.255.0.0m (16 bits)
Class C - 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
Class D -Multicast

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17
Q

Loop Back Address is _______

A

127.0.0.1
also considered a reserved address and is class A

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18
Q

Subnetting Provides

A

Security
Organization

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19
Q

What are the RFC Private Addresses

A

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
169.254.0.0 auto assigned if no address is assigned for given out from DHCP

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20
Q

How many IP v6 uses how many bits and how are they expressed

A

128 Bits
8 Groups of 4 Hex

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21
Q

What is SLAC and what is link local address

A

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
fe80::/64
Loopback

22
Q

How many IP addresses for IPV4 and IPV6

A

4.2Billion vs 340 undecillion

23
Q

What is the name of the organization responsible for coordinating IP address resources around the world

A

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

Bonus - IPV4 address was exhausted on Feb 3, 2011

24
Q

What organization promotes and published IPV4 and other standards

A

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

Bonus - RFC 791 contains the complete specs for IPV4

25
Q

What what new architecture replaced classful architecture and what do they use for sub masking

A

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)

26
Q

What is the process of finding an IP address for a host name called

A

Address Resolution

27
Q

What is Port Address Translation

A

Sharing of a single Public or External with internal IP

28
Q

Besides the primary motivation of increasing network address space what other improvements of IPV6 vs IPV5

A

NAT is no longer needed with that many addresses
Simplifying renumbering networks
Standardizing the host identification
Integrating Network Security
Defining Multicast

29
Q

What are 2 rules for abbreviating IPV6

A

You may omit any leading zeros within any group of hexadecimal digits
You may replace only one grouping of two or more consecutive groupings of zeros in an address with a double colon

30
Q

True of False IPV6 supports sending broadcast-type packets similar to IPV4

A

False

31
Q

What are the 3 IPV6 Network Methodologies

A

Unicast - sending packets to single destination
Anycast - sending a packet to the nearest node in a specified group
Multicast - sending a packet to multiple destinations

32
Q

True or False the higher the CIDR notation the less nodes available

A

True

33
Q

How many bits make up a nibble

A

4

34
Q

True or False - TCP/IP has security built into the protocol

A

False - all data is sent in plain text

35
Q

What service in IPV6 is the equivalent to ARP in IPV4

A

Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)

36
Q

IP only support connection-oriented protocols - T or F

A

False
Layered networking supports both connection based and connection less.

37
Q

List Key advantages to a Connection Oriented Protocol such as TCP

A

Reliability
More efficient and faster once setup

38
Q

List Key advantages of a Connectionless oriented such as UDP

A

Less work to setup and maintain

39
Q

Compare TCP and UDP on when they are best used

A

TCP for client to server transactions
UDP simple requests to servers

40
Q

What does Ping ::1 Represent in IPv6

A

The loop back address

41
Q

What is the 3-1-4 Rule in IPV6

A

First 3 Hextets (48 bits) are reserved for Global Routing
Fourth Hextet is reservered for Subnet ID
The last 4 are reserved for Interfaced ID

42
Q

How many subnets would a 16bit Interface ID provide

A

65,536

43
Q

What is the range of Dynamic Ports

A

49152-65535

44
Q

What is the range of System or Well known ports

A

0=1023

45
Q

True of False the Network Layer Address is the same as the MAC Address.

A

False
Network Layer Address is a layer 3 structure address that defines both network number and a host number

46
Q

True or False - IP is a decentralized network and that is by design

A

True
Wanted to withstand enemy attacks

47
Q

What is the main purpose of CIDR

A

To define larger or smaller networks and give more flexibility to IPv4 into subnets

48
Q

What is the term for the sharing of the Public IP Address for internal IP’s

A

Port Address Translation (PAT)

49
Q

Name some Common UDP Protocols

A

ICMP
DNS
TFTP
SNMP

50
Q

IPv4 was defined by what RFC

A

RFC 791

51
Q

A /8 is a what Class
A /16 is what Class
A /24 is what Class

A

A
B
C

52
Q

What is APIPA and what does an address of 169.254.0.0/16

A

DHCP Problem

Security Foundations - D481 (5 decks)

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