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mrso 2 > Rite ad 4 > Flashcards

Rite ad 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Emesis after a contrast media reaction is considered what type of adverse reaction?

A

A non-allergic reaction to contrast media

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2
Q

Identify the ferromagnetic threat. Select all the correct answers

A

Scissors
Metal hemostat
Scalpel

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3
Q

A _________field of view (FOV) will utilize a steeper frequency encoding gradient. This will promote peripheral nerve stimulation.

A

Smaller

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4
Q

The quench is not experienced right away, after about _______________, the cryogen is released from the MRI unit through the quench vent.

A

15-20 seconds

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5
Q

Which of the following is true of all types of stainless steel? Select all the correct answers.

A

All will cause artifacts in our image

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6
Q

Which of the following is true of a gadolinium contrast osmolarity?

A

It is greater than blood

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7
Q

Which of the following stainless steel is non-ferrous?

A

Austenitic

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8
Q

Which of the following personnel can enter zone 3 and 4 but not escort a patient into zone 4, according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety?

A

MR personnel level I

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9
Q

The rapid turning on and off of the gradient coil can produce which of the following events in our patient? Select all that apply.

A

Magnetophosphenes

Peripheral nerve stimulation

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10
Q

A patient undergoing an MRI exam is given an ice pack to reduce heat. Which of these methods is the patient using to regulate their increased heating?

A

Conduction

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11
Q

Which of the following are NOT recommended by the ACR Manual on MRI Safety?

A

Metal detector

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12
Q

This individual must have an in-depth understanding of the risks associated with the MRI environment, according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety.

A

Level 2 personnel

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13
Q

What is the risk with a non-ferrous pain pump?

A

Lenz’s force

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14
Q

A patient will change into a gown in most hospital settings within this zone, according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety.
Zone 3
Zone 2
Zone 1
Zone 4

A

Zone II

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15
Q

In which ways can a patient self-regulate their temperature when they get overheated? Select all that apply.

A

Evaporation

Radiation

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16
Q

Which of the following are considered ferrous materials? Select all the answers that are correct.

A

Steel
Cobalt

Nickel

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17
Q

What is the maximum allowable strength of the gradient coils for a given sequence called?

A

Maximum gradient peak

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18
Q

Which of the following are units of measure for the static magnetic field (BO)?

A

Tesla

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19
Q

In a superconducting magnet, what makes the chirping noise

A

The chiller

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20
Q

All MR medical directors should report incidents to which of the following within one business day of an adverse event?

A

FDA Medwatch Program

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21
Q

Gadolinium contains what kind of magnet susceptibility?

A

Paramagnetic

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22
Q

How many gauss are in one Tesla?

A

10,000

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23
Q

What organization has produced the terms used in MR labeling (MR Safe, MR Conditional, etc.)?

A

ASTM International

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24
Q

A ligand that cages a gadolinium ion is referred to as?

A

Macrocyclic bond

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25
Q

The electric fields associated with RF can cause what when exposing our patient?

A

Burning

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26
Q

Your patient has squeezed the ball and you have stopped imaging. When you enter the room your patient is concerned that their nose is burning. When the last sequence started they felt a tingling. The last sequence was a gradient echo sagittal. What is a probable cause of the feeling?

A

The patient is experiencing peripheral nerve stimulation

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27
Q

Which of the following require the minimal MR safety training according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety?
MR Tech aid
The MRI technologist
A patient’s family member wanting to sit with the patient
The person being scanned

A

Level 1 MR personnel

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28
Q

The B1 refers to what?

A

The direction of the RF field

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29
Q

What unit of measurement is used for the SAR in MRI?

A

W/kg

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30
Q

Which of the following statements are true? Select all the correct answers.
The static magnetic field and time-varying fields can cause infertility
The static magnetic field and time-varying fields have been associated with teratogenesis
The static magnetic field and time-varying fields can cause an increase in spontaneous abortion
The static magnetic field and time-varying field exposure increase the chance of female offspring working in pregnant MR technologists
None

A

None

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31
Q

What type of MRI unit uses many bricks of magnets to produce a strong static field?

A

Permanent magnet

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32
Q

The 45-degree deflection of an implant is equal to what force?

A

1 gravity force

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33
Q

What group issued the ACR Manual on MRI Safety?

A

American College of Radiology

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34
Q

What type of MRI unit uses a coil of wire with a current running through it and a cryogen to help produce a strong magnetic field?

A

Superconducting magnetic

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35
Q

Which of the following statements are true when discussing MR safety?

A

Larger patients will heat up the most

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36
Q

When a patient undergoes an MRI exam and starts to perspire, what method is the body using to regulate the increased temperature?

A

Evaporative cooling

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37
Q

What types of cryogen are used in a dual cryogen system?

A

Helium
Nitrogen

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38
Q

Clothing labels are a good indicator if your patient’s clothes contain metal in the fabric.

True
False

A

False

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39
Q

What is the first thing that should be done for patients with a history of orbital trauma by a potential ferromagnetic foreign body?

A

Obtain plain x-ray orbit films

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40
Q

Where is a cryogen primarily located?

A

In the MR unit

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41
Q

Which of the following most likely would be considered a Level 1 MR personnel according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety?
MR Tech aid
The MRI technologist
A patient’s family member wanting to sit with the patient
The person being scanned

A

MR Tech aid

42
Q

This person is responsible for offering suggestions on MR protocol modifications, offering advice on MR Safety programs and MR Quality Assurance programs, providing a high level of advice on safety aspects of MR equipment, and reporting this information to the MRMD. This individual is typically a physicist.

A

MRSE

43
Q

After about approximately__________, the magnetic field reaches zero after a quench

A

3-5 minutes

44
Q

Pads placed between a patient and the side of the magnet can prevent a proximity burn.

True
False

A

True

45
Q

How would gadolinium contrast appear on a T1-weighted image?

A

Bright

46
Q

The control room is commonly found in what zone according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety?

A

Zone 3

47
Q

The ACR Committee on Drugs and Contrast Media concludes that patients receiving Group I GBCA’s should be considered at risk of developing NSF if any of the following conditions apply to the patient: (Select all that apply)

A

AKI
Severe or ESRD w/o dialysis
On dialysis

48
Q

A ligand that attaches to a gadolinium ion in a chain like molecule is called what?

A

Linear

49
Q

What is the name for the direction of magnetic flux densities produced by the static magnetic field?

A

B0

50
Q

Unsafe active implanted devices in patients should never enter zone 3 but should definitely not ______.

A

Crossing the 5-gauss line

51
Q

A deflection of 90 degrees due to translation force indicates how much force is experienced on the implant.

A

Undetermined

52
Q

A patient begins to sneeze uncontrollably immediately after an injection of gadolinium contrast. This could be considered what?

A

Allergic reaction

53
Q

Which of the following statements are not true according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety?
Unscreened patients should not enter zone 3
Zone 4 is the responsibility of the level 2 personnel
The MR screening process for non-MR personnel and MR personnel should be the same
The MR screening process for non-MR personnel and MR personnel should be different

A

The MR screening process for non-MR personnel and MR personnel should be different

54
Q

Which of the following answers best describes when an electrical current is produced in an electrically conductive material (wire, patient, etc) in an alternating magnetic field?

A

Faraday’s law of induction

55
Q

A patient develops two hives on their chest after a gadolinium contrast injection. What type of adverse event is this considered?

A

Allergic reaction

56
Q

Which of the following can reduce the risk of Lenz’s force with implanted devices in our patient?

A

Advance the patient slowly in the MR unit

57
Q

The speed that it takes a gradient coil to activate and reach maximum strength is called what?

A

The rise time

58
Q

Which formula are used to define the time-varying gradient magnetic fields?

A

dB/dt

59
Q

Which of the following will influence the amount of heating produced from RF? Select all that apply.

A

Patient weight
Field strength
Flip angle

60
Q

What does a cryogen do to the static magnetic field solenoid?

A

It reduces/eliminates resistance in wires

61
Q

A gadolinium ion is attached to a molecule called a/an ______ so it can be excreted from a patient.

A

Ligand

62
Q

Cryogen is designed to escape from the MR room through what?

A

Quench vent

63
Q

Which of the following is true of non-MR personnel according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety?

A

They must pass an MR safety screening process before entering zone 3

64
Q

Which of the following will determine the amount of heating that a patient will receive? Select all that apply.

A

Patient mass
Patient’s overall surface area
Pulse sequence used

65
Q

Which of the following describes the total dose of energy that a tissue receives during an entire exam?

A

Specific energy dose

66
Q

During a quench, over a period of _________ minute(s), the magnetic field is changing. This can cause peripheral nerve stimulation or other biological effects associated with changing magnetic fields.
1
2
3
5

A

1

67
Q

Common complaints in the MR environment due to the fast-changing gradient activations are (select all that apply)

A

Nystagmus
Dizziness
Nausea

68
Q

Why are metal detectors not recommended in MR screening according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety?

They are dependent on operator skill
They cannot detect small fragments well
All of the choices
They have varied sensitivity

A

They are dependent on operator skill
They cannot detect small fragments well
They have varied sensitivity

69
Q

How much more heating does a 360-degree RF pulse have than a 180-degree RF pulse?

A

4 times more

70
Q

According to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety, what zone is the MRI unit found?

A

Zone 4

71
Q

Which of the following are considered time-varying magnetic fields?

A

RF and changing gradient magnetic field

72
Q

The B1 field is found where?

A

90 degrees to the B0

73
Q

The patient changing room for MRI patients is commonly found in the following zones according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety.

A

Zone 2

74
Q

Towels next to a patient’s ears are sufficient to lower noise.

True
False

A

False

75
Q

The slope of the phase encoding gradient amplitude will determine how much resolution we will have in our image. Therefore a _____________ gradient slope will produce high-resolution images.

A

Steeper

76
Q

Which of the following is used to measure patient heating in MRI?

A

Specific absorption rate

77
Q

All of the following are true of a patient according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety, except?

Patients should remove any ferrous objects prior to the MR exam
Patient can be screened and accompanied by Level 1 personnel into Zone 4
Patients must be verbally or interactively screened before entering the MR suite
Patients must be supervised by level 2 personnel for the entirety of the exam

A

Patient can be screened and accompanied by Level 1 personnel into Zone 4

78
Q

According to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety, what zone is the quench pipe located OUTSIDE, a facility?

A

Zone 3

79
Q

When electrical fields are produced in implants, the process of _________heating can result.

A

ohmic

80
Q

The process of releasing a cryogen from the MR unit is called?

A

Quench

81
Q

What is the difference between an allergic reaction to contrast media and an anaphylactic reaction?

A

Anaphylactic reactions are more serious

82
Q

A macrocyclic agent refers to a gadolinium ion that is what?

A

A “caged in” gadolinium ion

83
Q

The number of particles found in one liter of a solution is defined as what?

A

Osmolarity

84
Q

The T wave in the cardiac cycle represents what?

A

Heart repolarization

85
Q

The image matrix consists of a frequency and phase direction. When increasing these values, we will increase our resolution. This means that we will be increasing the slope of our gradient coils and this will _______________ the chances of peripheral nerve stimulation.

A

Increase

86
Q

In order for cryogen to not harm a patient, what needs to happen?

A

The cryogen needs to be vented outside

87
Q

What is the most common patient complaint post gadolinium contrast injection?

A

Headache

88
Q

Inside the bore of the MRI unit, where would we expect the gradient coils to be found?

A

Surrounding the patient peripheral to isocenter

89
Q

A headache after a contrast media injection is considered what possible adverse event.

A

Non-allergic reaction

90
Q

What document has established guidelines for MR safety and best practices that are followed today in the US?

A

ACR Manual on MRI Safety

91
Q

A patient receives an injection of gadolinium contrast and has pain at the injection site. What would this be considered?

A

A non-allergic reaction

92
Q

An area that is outside of any MR department and is accessible to the general public is called what, according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety?

A

Zone 1

93
Q

_______________ states that as you run a current through a wire, a magnetic field is produced 90° to that current. It also explains that an electrical current will be produced in a wire placed in a changing magnetic field.

A

Faraday’s Law of Induction

94
Q

A tester magnet should be how strong according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety?

A

Equal or greater than 1000 gauss

95
Q

The gradient coils are responsible for which of the following? Select all that apply.

A

Noise

Peripheral nerve stimulation

96
Q

Which of the following describes when a non-ferrous, electrically conductive object is repulsed by a static magnetic field when moving through its magnetic flux?

A

Lenz’s force

97
Q

The loud knocking noise in a MRI machine is produced only by the static magnetic field turning on and off.

A

False, the loud knocking noise is created by the gradients turning on and off quickly

98
Q

Which of the following is true of a metal detector?

All the choices
They detect all conductive materials
They are sensitive to only ferrous objects
They are able to detect only metal substances

A

They are able to detect only metal substances

99
Q

A technologist walks into the MRI room to check on a patient. As they do this, they stick their head into the scanner quickly. What can occur from this movement through the static magnetic field? Select all that apply.

A

Magnetophosphenes

Vertigo
Nausea

100
Q

What is the cryogen used in MRI?

A

Helium

mrso 2 (17 decks)

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