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Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Blastocyte

A

Hollow ball with 2 layers - trophoblast on the outside and Embryoblast on the inside

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2
Q

Cytodifferentiation

A

Development of different cell types

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3
Q

Ectoderm

A

Layer in trilaminar embyonic disc derived from epiblast layer and lining stomodeum (outer)

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4
Q

Endoderm

A

Layer in trilaminar embryonic disc derived from hypoblast layer (inner)

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5
Q

Epiblast Layer

A

Superior layer in bilaminar disc (high columnar cells)

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6
Q

Histodifferentiation

A

Development of different tissue types

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7
Q

Hypoblast Layer

A

Inferior layer in bilaminar disc (cuboidal cells)

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8
Q

Meiosis

A

Process of reproductive cell production that ensures correct number of chromosomes

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9
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division that occurs in phases and creates 2 daughter cells

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10
Q

Mesoderm

A

Embryonic layer located between endoderm and ectoderm (middle)

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11
Q

Morphodifferentiation

A

Development of the differing structure or shape

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12
Q

Morula

A

Ball of cells

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13
Q

Neural crest cells

A

Specialized group of cells developed from the neuroectoderm that migrate from the crests of the neural folds and disperse to specific sites within the mesenchyme

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14
Q

Neuroectoderm

A

Specialized group of cells that differentiates from the ectoderm

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15
Q

Primitive Streak

A

Furrowed, rod-shaped thickening in middle of embryonic disc. Causes the disc to have bilateral symmetry

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16
Q

Somites

A

Paired cuboidal aggregates of cells that develop along the midline of the neural tube

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17
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized Egg

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18
Q

Branchial Arches

A

Six stacked bilateral swellings of tissue that appear inferior to stomodeum, including mandibular arch

19
Q

Branchial grooves

A

Grooves between neighboring branchial arches on each side of embryo

20
Q

Buccopharyngeal membrane (Oropharangeal membrane)

A

Membrane at cephalic end of embryo

21
Q

Globular process

A

Intermaxillary segment (philthrum); below the lateral nasal process

22
Q

Lateral nasal process

A

Tissue on outer part of nasal pits that forms nasal alae

23
Q

Mandibular arch

A

Lowest dental arch with mandibular teeth OR 1st branchial arch in embryo

24
Q

Mandibular symphysis

A

Midline area of mandible formed by fusing two mandibular processes

25
Q

Maxillary process

A

Prominence from mandibular arch that grows superiorly and anteriorly on each side of stomodeum

26
Q

Meckel’s cartilage

A

Cartilage that forms within each side of mandibular arch and that dissapears as bony mandible forms

27
Q

Median nasal process

A

Middle part of the tissue growing around nasal placodes located between nasal pit

28
Q

Nasal pit

A

Depressions in center of each nasal placode that evolve into the nasal cavities

29
Q

Pharyngeal pouches

A

Four pairs of evaginations lining the pharynx between branchial arches

30
Q

Philthrum

A

Vertical groove on midline of upper lip

31
Q

Placodes

A

Areas of ectoderm found at location of developing special sense organs on the embryo

32
Q

Richert’s cartilage

A

Forming within the 2nd branchial arch or hyoid arch and similar to that of the mandibular arch

33
Q

Stomodeum

A

Primitive mouth in embryo

34
Q

Copula

A

Formed from the fusion of mesenchyme of mainly the third and parts of the fourth branchial arch. Copula gradually overgrows the second branchial arch or hyoid arch to form the base of the tongue or posterior one third.

35
Q

Foramen cecum

A

Small pitlike depression located where sulcus terminalis points backward toward pharynx; beginning of thyroglossal duct

36
Q

Lateral lingual swellings

A

parts of developing tongue that form on each side of tuberculum impar

37
Q

Lateral palatine processes

A

Farther from the midline of the palatine process

38
Q

Median lingual sulcus

A

Midline depression on dorsal surface of the tongue

39
Q

Premaxila

A

Incisive bone - bone that bears the upper incisive teeth

40
Q

Primary palate

A

Anterior part of final palate derived from intermaxillary segment during prenatal development

41
Q

Secondary palate

A

Posterior part of final palate formed by fusion of two palatal shelves

42
Q

Sulcus terminalis

A

Groove located posteriorly on dorsal tongue surface

43
Q

Thyroglossal duct

A

Temporary tube that connects thyroid with tongue base during prenatal development

44
Q

Tuberculum impar

A

Initial part of developing tongue located in midline.

Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy (4 decks)

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