B1.2 - What happens in cells? Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
DNA is deoxyribose nucleic acid
What is DNA ?
It is the genetic material found within the nucleus of every one of your cells.
State the role of DNA in the body ?
DNA is the substance that contains all the instructions that determine your characteristics
What units/ monomers make up the polymer DNA?
Nucletoides
What is a nucleotide composed of ?
1 phosphate, 1 deoxyribose sugar + 1 organic base
What are the 4 organic bases called ?
Thymine, Adenine, Guanine + Cytosine
What is a gene ?
A short section of DNA found upon a chromosome which codes for a specific protein
What it complementary base pairing?
Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine
What is the name of the structure formed by DNA, as discovered by Watson and Crick in the 1950s ?
Double Helix
Who produced the first ever photograph of DNA, ‘photo 51’, that led to the discover of DNA’s structure ?
Rosalind Franklin
Why is the double helix described as being ‘anti-parallel’?
The two strands which form DNA are parallel but run in opposite directions
Where are the phosphate and deoxyribose molecules in a DNA polymer joined from ?
The sugar-phosphate backbone
What is the name of the weak bonds formed between bases of opposing strands of DNA?
Hydrogen bonds
What is each long molecule. of DNA called ?
Chromosome
Place in size order: gene, chromosome, genome, DNA, nucleus, cell, nucleotide
Nucleotide (smallest)
Gene
DNA
Chromosome
Genome
Nucleus
Cell (largest)