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Clinical Anatomy > Heart & Lungs > Flashcards

Heart & Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What are primary bronchi identified as?

A

Right & Left primary

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2
Q

What are the secondary bronchi referred to?

A

Lobar bronchi

One for each lobe (Superior, middle, inferior)

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3
Q

What are the tertiary bronchi referred to?

A

Segmental Bronchi

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4
Q

Carina

A

Internal crease where division between primary bronchi

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5
Q

Where are superior and inferior vena cava located on which lung?

A

Anterior to hilum of Right lung

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6
Q

Where is the esophagus located on which lung?

A

For both left and right lung = posterior to hilum

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7
Q

Where is the heart located in which lung?

A

Anterior to hilum // most anterior identifying structure for both lungs.

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8
Q

Where is the Azygos vein located on which lung?

A

Superior and posterior to hilum on right lung only.

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9
Q

Where is thoracic aorta on which lung?

A

Posterior to hilum and esophagus on left lung only.

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10
Q

Where is the lingula located on which lung?

A

Lateral Anterior inferior corner of left lung only (looks like tongue).

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11
Q

Arteries are superior to bronchi in which lung?

A

Left

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12
Q

Arteries are anterior to bronchi in which lung?

A

Right

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13
Q

What are the two recesses of the lungs? Where are they located?

A

Costodiaphragmatic = lateral inferior corners

Costomediastinal = vertical line at medial boarders

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14
Q

What are the five plural coverings? What area do you find them in?

A
  • visceral pleura (inside layer to lungs)
  • parietal pleura: cervical (top), costal (lateral), diaphragmatic (inferior), mediastinal (medial)
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15
Q

Layers of the pericardium (superficial to deep)

A

Fibrous
Parietal
Pericardial Cavity
Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium (A & V linings)

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16
Q

Where do you find the anterior interventricular sulcus?

A

Divides the R & L ventricles on the anterior surface.

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17
Q

What is an auricle? Where would you find it?

A

“Lingula” of the atrium… extra pocket of muscle for both L & R atrium

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18
Q

Aortic valve - where & what is in?

A

Left ventricle to ascending aorta

3 semilunar valves/leaflets

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19
Q

What are papillary muscles?
How many and where?

A

Muscles in ventricles that connect atrioventricular valve via chordae tendineae to ventricle wall

3 in Right Ventricle (Anterior, Posterior, Septal)
2 in Left Ventricle (Anterior, Posterior)

20
Q

Interatrial septum - where? Describe.

A

Smooth wall that separates the L & R atrium

21
Q

Where is atrioventricular orfice? What is also in that same space?

A

Right atrium to ventricle. Tricuspid valve is within the orfice.

22
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there? Describe.

A

2 veins from each lung enter into the Left atrium with oxygenated blood.

23
Q

What was the fossa ovalis called pre-birth? What is the difference between structures?

A

Foremen Ovale - moved blood between atria when mother was still oxygenating blood

Fossa ovalis is the embryologic remanence from when closed with first breaths.

24
Q

Where are trabeculae carneae found? Describe.

A

Round columns found in ventricle walls.

25
Q

What are the two valves orfices in the right atrium? What is their purpose?

A

Inferior Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus

One way tract for blood to enter into the right atrium from an inferior direction.

26
Q

What is different about the septomarginal trabeculae?

A

Part of the trabeculae carneae, but larger and connected to the septal wall. Likely plays a role in the electrical conductivity.

27
Q

What is the valve the moves blood from Left Atrium to Left Ventricle? Describe.

A

Bicuspid / Mitral / Atrioventricular

Two valves/chordeae/papillary muscles

28
Q

Describe chordae tendineae

A

Tendon of the ventricles that connect each bi/tricuspid valve to the corresponding papillary muscles.

29
Q

Pectinate Muscles — where is it found?

A

External wall lining of the atria

30
Q

Where would you find the cornus arteriosus?

A

The wall of the right ventricle as you move superior to the pulmonary arch.

31
Q

What is the line called between the interatrial septum and the pectinate muscles?

A

Crista Terminalis

32
Q

What is the line called between the cornus arteriosus and wall of right ventricle?

A

Supraventricular crest.

33
Q

What is auscultation?

A

A site where a stethoscope is placed to hear blood flowing through the chambers of the heart.

34
Q

Where are the four auscultation sites?

A

Aortic - R side of sternum @ sternoangle
Pulmonary - L side of sternum @ sternoangle
Tricuspid - 4th intercostal space
Bicuspid - 5th intercostal space

35
Q

Where do coronary arteries branch from?

A

Ascending aorta

(Feeds self first)

36
Q

What is the closest tributary to the right atrium?

A

Small Cardiac Vein

37
Q

What is the first branch of the left coronary artery? What does the LCA turn into?

A

Anterior interventricular artery.
Circumflex artery.

38
Q

What vein drains into the right atrium?

A

Coronary Sinus

39
Q

The great cardiac vein runs with two arteries at different points. Which ones and where?

A

Circumflex artery in coronary sulcus.
Anterior interventricular artery in anterior interventricular sulcus.

40
Q

Describe where L & R marginal arteries run.

A

Left and right sides of heart.

41
Q

What runs with the posterior interventricular artery?

A

Middle cardiac vein

In posterior interventricular sulcus

42
Q

What are the two anastomosis of the heart arteries?

A

Anterior and posterior interventricular arteries

Circumflex and right coronary arteries

43
Q

What is the electrical system of the heart?

A

SA Node
AV Node
Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His)
R&L Bundle Branches (Purkinje Fibers)

44
Q

What is the embryologic remnants that connect pulmonary trunk to the arch of the aorta?

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

Was called ductus arteriosus when open

45
Q

What are the three cell bodies shared in the dorsal root ganglion that play into referred pain

A

General Somatic Axons (Skin)
Visceral Afferent Axons (Sympathetic)
Pain Receptors in Myocardium (Heart Muscles)

Clinical Anatomy (18 decks)

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