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Pain and Anxiety > LA Characteristics > Flashcards

LA Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

Lidocaine trade name

A

Xylocaine

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2
Q

mepivicaine trade name

A

Carbocaine

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3
Q

prilocaine trade name

A

Citanest

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4
Q

Articaine trade name

A

Septocaine

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5
Q

Bupivicaine trade name

A

Marcaine

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6
Q

Need for hemostasis

A

1:50,000 Epi (Lidocaine)

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7
Q

most commonly used LA in dentistry for nerve block

A

Lidocaine

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8
Q

Lidocaine pulpal anesthesia without Epi

A

5-10 minutes (not available in US)

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9
Q

Lidocaine time for pulpal anesthesia

A

1:100,000
1:50,000

both 60 minutes

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10
Q

Lidocaine dosage

A

3.2 mg/lb
500 mg MRD

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11
Q

Lidocaine available formulations

A

2% Lidocaine 1:50,000 Epi (green)
2% Lidocaine 1:100,000 Epi (red)

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12
Q

LAs with anticonvulsant properties

A

Lidocaine and Mepivicaine

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13
Q

LAs without anticonvulsant properties

A

Prilocaine, Articaine, Bupivicaine

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14
Q

allergic rxn risk of LAs

A

No risk: Lidocaine, Mepivicaine

Low risk: Prilocaine, Articaine, Bupivicaine

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15
Q

Toxicity risk of LAs

A

Very low risk: Prilocaine (caution w/ plain)
Low risk: Lidocaine, Mepivicaine, Articaine,
High risk: Bupivicaine

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16
Q

LA vasoactivity

A

Potent vasodilator: Lidocaine, Articaine, Bupivicaine (most potent)
Weak vasodilator: Mepivacaine, Prilocaine

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17
Q

LAs and ability to be topical anesthetic

A

Topical: Lidocaine, Prilocaine when combined with Lidocaine

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18
Q

LA metabolism

A

Lidocaine: liver
Mepivicaine: liver
Prilocaine: lungs (small amt in liver)
Articiane: 90% plasma, 10% liver
Bupivicaine: liver

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19
Q

LA excretion

A

All in kidney to varying degree excreted unchanged in urine

20
Q

LAs pregnancy category

A

Category B: Lidocaine, Prilocaine
Category C: Mepivicaine, Bupivicaine, Articaine

21
Q

Lactation Safety LAs

A

Lactation safe: Lidocaine, Mepivicaine
Unknown: Prilocaine, Articaine, Bupivicaine

22
Q

Good choice if vasoconstrictor is contraindicated

A

Mepivacaine

23
Q

Mepivacaine pulpal anesthesia without Epi

A

20-40 minutes

24
Q

Mepivacaine pulpal anesthesia 1:20,000 Levo

A

60 minutes

25
Q

Mepivacaine dosage

A

3.0 mg/lb
400 mg MRD

26
Q

Mepivacaine available formulations

A

2% Mepivacaine 1:20,000 Levo
3% Mepivacaine PLAIN

27
Q

LA never used for hemostasis

A

Mepivacaine

28
Q

Least toxic LA in dentistry today

A

Prilocaine

29
Q

LA best choice for pregnancy and CV patients

A

Prilocaine

30
Q

Prilocaine pulpal anesthesia 1:200,000

A

60-90 minutes

31
Q

Prilocaine pulpar anesthesia without Epi

A

40-60 minutes

32
Q

Risk for methemoglobin if over MRD

A

Prilocaine

33
Q

Prilocaine dosage

A

4.0 mg/lb
600 MRD

34
Q

Prilocaine available formulations

A

4% Prilocaine plain
4% Prilocaine 1:200,000 Epi

35
Q

LA highly lipid soluble with high diffusion through bone

A

articaine

36
Q

LA good choice for re-administration or CV disease or liver disease

A

articaine

37
Q

articaine pulpal anesthesia

A

(not available without vasoconstrictor)

1:100,000 Epi = 60-75 minutes
1:200,000 Epi = 45-60 minutes

38
Q

Possible risk for IA nerve injury (paresthesia)

A

articaine

39
Q

Articaine dosage

A

3.2 mg/lb
MRD = none

40
Q

Articaine available formulations

A

4% articaine 1:100,000 Epi
4% articiane 1:200,000 Epi

41
Q

Most potent and most toxic LA, high lipid soluble + binds strongly

A

Bupivacaine

42
Q

LA best choice for long treatment plus post-op pain control

A

Bupivacaine

43
Q

bupivacaine pulpal anesthesia

A

(not available without Epi)

1:200,000 Epi = 1.5-3 hours

44
Q

Bupivacaine dosage

A

No mg/lb
90 mg MRD

45
Q

Bupivacaine available formulations

A

0.5% Bupivacaine 1:200,000 Epi

Pain and Anxiety (12 decks)

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