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Sai_Herbs1 > M > Flashcards

M Flashcards

0
Q

Shen Nong Ben Cao in english

A

Divine Husbandman’s Classic of the Materia Medica

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1
Q

What two principles arise from the Huang Di Nei Jing?

A

Yin and Yang (8 principles- yin yang external internal hot cold excess deficient)

Five Phases

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2
Q

In the Shen Nong Ben Cao, what are the 3 groups of herbs?

A

120 Superior (nourishes life, non-toxic, invigorating to preserve or prolong life, e.g. ginseng)

120 Intermediate (nourishes constitution, prevent illness and restore vitality, sometimes toxic should be used carefully)

125 Inferior (expels disease, toxic with side effects, therapeutic purpose to treat diseases)

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3
Q

Who is the author of Shang Han Za Ben Lun?

A

Zhang Zhong-Jing or Zhang Ji

“Father of Herbal Medicine”

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4
Q

Shang Han Za Ben Lun in english

A

Discourse on fevers and miscellaneous illnesses

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5
Q

Shang Han Za Ben Lun is divided into what two books?

A

Shang Han Lun (Treatise on Cold Induced Disorders)

Jin Gui Yao Lue (Essential Treasures from the Golden Cabinet)

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6
Q

What is the primary theoretical principle of the Shang Han Za Ben Lun?

A

6 Pairs of Meridians/ 6 Channel Theory

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7
Q

What is the primary disease factor according to the Shang Han Za Ben Lun?

A

Cold (or absence of yang) causes yin-yang disharmony at various stages

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8
Q

Wen Bing Xue in english

A

Warm disease school

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9
Q

According to the Wen Bing Xue, what are the 4 levels of disease?

A

Wei- Exterior heat diseases- Taiyang
Qi- Interior heat disease- Yangming
Ying- Deeper heat diseases- Shaoyin
Xue- Blood level- Deepest level

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10
Q

According to Wen Bing Xue, what is the primary disease factor?

A

Heat

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11
Q

5 Temperatures

A 
Hot (re)
Cold (han)
Warm (wen)
Cool (liang)
Neutral (ping)
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12
Q

Acrid (xin)

A

Disperse and moves

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13
Q

Sweet (gan)

A

tonify, harmonize and are sometimes thought to moisten

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14
Q

Bitter (ku)

A

Drain and dry

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15
Q

Sour (suan)

A

Astringent and prevents or reverses the abnormal leakage of fluids and energy

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16
Q

Salty (xian)

A

purge and soften

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17
Q

Bland (dan)

A

Leach out dampness and promote urination

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18
Q

Aromatic (xiang)

A

Ability to penetrate through turbidity and revive a particular function

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19
Q

Astringent (se)

A

Has the ability to prevent the leakage of fluids

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20
Q

Sourness enters

A

LV

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21
Q

Acridity enters

A

LU

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22
Q

Bitterness enters

A

HT

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23
Q

Saltiness enters

A

KD

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24
Q

Sweetness enters

A

SP

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25
Q

What two flavors produce Yang?

A

Acrid/ Pungent and Sweet

Acrid is yang, moving and Sweet is substance [SP produces post-heaven qi

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26
Q

What favors produce Yin?

A

Sour and Sweet

Sour is yin, holding

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27
Q

Eight Parameters (Ba Gang)

A

Exterior Interior
Hot Cold
Excess Deficient
Yang Yin

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28
Q

Floating and ascending herbs fx

A 
Expel superficial EPF (wind, cold)
Ascend and warm yang
Induce vomiting
Open orifices (coma)
Promote eruptions (measles)
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29
Q

Sinking and lowering herbs fx

A 
Clear heat (through purging and urination)
Calm mind
Descend yang
Stop vomiting, cough, asthma
Astringent
Promote digestion
30
Q

What are the 8 Therapeutic Methods (ba fa)

A
  1. Promote sweating
  2. Induce vomiting
  3. Purge (down)
  4. Harmonize
  5. Warm
  6. Clear (heat)
  7. Tonify
  8. Reduce/ sedate
31
Q

What is the classical dosage measurement?

A

Qian

32
Q

1 Qian = _ Grams

A

3

33
Q

What is the most common dosage range?

A

3-12 g

34
Q

Which herbs will have a larger dosage (g)?

A

hard, heavy, moderate, bland

minerals and shells

35
Q

Which herbs will have a smaller dosage?

A

Light, toxic, strongly-flavored

Flowers, leaves, aromatic herbs

36
Q

What are other factors for dosage?

A

More severe conditions = higher dosage
Constitution of pt
pt’s ST qi

37
Q

The combination of 2 substances with similar fx to accentuate their therapeutic actions

A

Mutual accentuation (xiang xu)

38
Q

The combo of 2 or more substances with different actions in which one of the substances enhances the effect of the other in a specific clinical situation

A

Mutual Enhancement (xiang shi)

39
Q

A combo in which the toxicity or side effects of one substance are reduced or eliminated by another substance

A

Mutual Counteraction (xiang wei)

40
Q

Same as mutual counteraction but emphasis on substance that reduces the undesirable side effect of the other

A

Mutual suppression (xiang sha)

41
Q

Two substances that minimize or neutralize each other’s positive effects

A

Mutual antagonism (xiang wu)

42
Q

Combo of 2 substances gives rise to side effects or toxicity not caused with one alone

A

Mutual Incompatibility (Xiang fan)

43
Q

Single effect (dan xing)

A

The use of one medicinal substance to treat a pt (i.e. ren shen)

44
Q

Chief (king, sovereign, lord)

A

Main therapeutic thrust of prescription

Highest dosage

45
Q

Deputies (ministers/ associates)

A

Enhance/ assist therapeutic actions of Chief

Can also assist in secondary complaints

46
Q

Assistant (Adjutants)

A

fx in atleast one:
Treat accompanying sx
Moderate harshness/toxicity of primary substances
Assist chen and jun in main objective
Provide assistance from another therapeutic direction

47
Q

Envoy (Messengers/ Couriers)

A

Guides other medicines to specific channel/organ/region
OR
Harmonize (ie Gan Cao)

48
Q

Pao Zhi

A

General term for any type of herb processing

49
Q

Why do we want to increase an herb’s SA?

A

Easier extraction and digestion

50
Q

How do we increase an herb’s SA?

A

Sorting/sifting/scraping/peeling/winnowing
Pulverizing
Slicing
(Defatting by removing oil from grains and seeds to reduce side effects and toxicity)

51
Q

What does dry frying do?

A

Browning; Dries herbs for storage

SP- awakening; ST strengthening action

52
Q

What does dry frying with salt do?

A

Directs action down to KD

53
Q

What does dry frying and charring do?

A

Increases an herbs hemostatic ability (stops bleeding)

54
Q

Frying with honey:

A

Increases an herb’s tonifying and moistening action

55
Q

Frying with vinegar:

A

Increases astringent, analgesic, blood invigorating and detoxifying action

56
Q

Wine:

A

Enhances ability to clear blockages (blood stasis) from channels, expels wind and alleviates pain

57
Q

Ginger Juice:

A

Decreases the tendency of bitter and cold herbs to upset ST;
Increases an dherb’s ability to warm ST and stop vomiting

58
Q

Calcining

A

Placing directly/ indirectly in flames until thoroughly heated and red
Makes brittle and easy to pulverize
For Minerals and Shells

59
Q

What are 7 methods of delivery

A
  1. Decoction
  2. Drafts
  3. Pills
  4. Powders
  5. Syrups
  6. Plasters
  7. Wines
60
Q

Strongest to weakest method of delivery:

A

Decoction- Granules- Pills

61
Q

How long do we typically cook a decoction?

A

20-30 minutes

62
Q

Release the exterior, clear heat/ contain volatile oils (aromatic); high flame decoction time:

A

10-15 minutes

63
Q

Low flame; tonics and rich, cloying substances

A

45-60 minutes

64
Q

Toxic decoction cooking time

A

atleast 45 minutes before adding to other stuff

65
Q

This reaction can change absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination

A

Pharmacokinetic interaction

66
Q

This reaction can alter the way drugs effect a tissue/ organ.
Hard to predict
Can be synergistic (mutual accentuation OD) or antagonistic

A

Pharmacodynamic Reaction

67
Q

What herbs should be decocted first?

A

Toxic
Minerals/ shells
Lightweight substances in large dosage

68
Q

What herbs are added near the end?

A

Aromatic herbs

Da Huang to have a strong purgative effect

69
Q

What kind of substances need to be bagged in guaze?

A

Herbs with cilia
Small seeds
Some minerals
Powdered substances

70
Q

What type of substances are decocted separately?

A

Rare/ expensive (ren shen)

(double boiler 2-3 hours to extract all active ingredients

71
Q

What substances are dissolved in a strained decoction?

A

Viscous/ sticky substance

72
Q

What herbs are taken with a strained decoction?

A

Expensive, aromatic substances are grounded into powder and taken first, then followed by a strained decoction

Also with precious horns (shaved/ filed into power and ingested)

Sai_Herbs1 (5 decks)

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