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Principles of Anesthesia > Compressed Gasses & Vaporizers (Exam III) > Flashcards

Compressed Gasses & Vaporizers (Exam III) Flashcards

1
Q

Which gasses are non-liquefied gasses?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Helium
  • Air
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2
Q

Which gasses are liquefied?

A
  • Nitrous Oxide
  • Carbon Dioxide
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3
Q

At what pressures does a liquefiable gas become liquefied?

A

25 - 1500 psi

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4
Q

What aspect of the goverment regulates gas purity?

A

FDA

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5
Q

What aspect of the goverment regulates marking, labeling, storage, & handling?

A

DOT

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6
Q

What aspect of the goverment regulates employee safety?

A

OSHA

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7
Q

The base of a gas tank has what shape?

A

Flat or Concave

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8
Q

What material are gas tank valves made from?

A

Bronze or brass

These allow refilling and discharge of gas

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9
Q

What should be attached to every single gas cylinder?

A

Handle

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10
Q

What vents cylinder contents to the atmosphere if the pressure increases to a dangerous level?

A

Pressure relief device

disc or plug

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11
Q

What is the PIS system?

A

Pin Index Safety System = Holes and cylinder valve that only work with the correct pins on the yoke/pressure regulator.

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12
Q

What is the smallest cylinder size?
What is the biggest?
What cylinder size is used for anesthesia machines?

A

A = smallest
H = Largest
E = Anesthesia
D = Transport

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13
Q

What is the pressure-volume relationship of a non-liquefied stored gas?

A

As pressure decreases, so does volume

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14
Q

What is the relationship between pressure and volume for a liquefied gas?

A
  • Pressure dependent on vapor pressure so pressure is not an indicator of remaining volume.
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15
Q

What are some DOT regulations for what has to be placed on a gas tank?

A
  • Service pressure
  • Test Date
  • Caution label
  • Manufacturer info
  • Expiration date
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16
Q

How often should the gas cylinder valves, regulators, and gauges be lubricated?

A

Trick question. Never.

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17
Q

A gas cylinder should never be exposed to temperatures above _____.

A

54° C (130° F)

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18
Q

What are standards for storage rooms for gas cylinders?

A
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19
Q

What is used to deliver non-flammable gasses (O₂ , N₂O, medical air) to anesthetizing locations and other patient care areas?

A

Pipeline systems

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20
Q

How many days of oxygen should a central supply for a hospital “bank” for emergencies?

A

2 days worth

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21
Q

What are the benefits of a liquid storage of gas?

A
  • less expensive & convenient to store
  • refilled via supply trucks
  • no interruption to service
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22
Q

What are the three classes of piping?

A
  • Main - connect gas source to risers
  • Risers - vertical pipes connecting mainline w/ branch lines on each level of hospital.
  • Branch - section supplying room on one level of facility.
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23
Q

What permits specific areas of a piping system to be isolated for problems and maintenance?

A

Shut-off Valves

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24
Q

Area alarm systems must be audible and _______.

A

visible

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25
Q

Area alarm systems will alarm if pressure increases or decreases by ___% from normal line pressure.

A

20%

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26
Q

Where are the places where area alarm is supposed to sound off at?

A
  • Maintenance
  • Engineering
  • Affected unit
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27
Q

What connection system is used in terminal units?

A

DISS (Diameter Index Safety System)

“quick connects”

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28
Q

What is the point in a piped gas distribution where the user connects and disconnects by hose?

A

Terminal units

29
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of quick connectors?

A
  • Convenient and allow connection w/o tools
  • Leak more
30
Q

Modern volatile anesthetics exist in a liquid state below ____°C.

A

20°C

68°F

31
Q

How is Volume percent calculated?

A

Partial pressure ÷ Total pressure

akin to how gas is delivered = MAC

Daltons Law.

32
Q

Is vapor pressure dependent on atmospheric pressure?

A

No, Vapor pressure is independent of atmospheric pressure.

33
Q

What is the term for when the gas phase above a liquid contains all the vapor it can hold?

A

Saturation.

Pressure exerted by this vapor is SVP (Saturated Vapor Pressure).

34
Q

What is the trade name and vapor pressure of halothane?

A

Fluothane

243 mmHg

35
Q

What is the trade name and vapor pressure of Enflurane?

A

Ethrane

175 mmHg

36
Q

What is the trade name and vapor pressure of Isoflurane?

A

Forane

238 mmHg

37
Q

What is the trade name and vapor pressure of Desflurane?

A

Suprane

669 mmHg

38
Q

What is the trade name and vapor pressure of Sevoflurane?

A

Ultane

157 mmHg

39
Q

Which VAA boils and evaporates at room temperature?

A

Desflurane

40
Q

________ ______ is the temperature at which vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.

A

Boiling point

41
Q

_______ ___ _________ is the number of calories necessary to convert 1g of liquid into vapor.

A

Heat of vaporization

42
Q

______ ____ is the number of calories required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1°C.

A

Specific Heat

43
Q

Materials with a _____ specific heat will minimize temperature variations.

A

higher

44
Q

This term describes the “speed” at which heat flows through a substance.

A

Thermal conductivity

45
Q

What will metals with a high thermal conductivity do?
Which metals are examples of this?

A
  • ↑ thermal conductivity = limited temperature swings w/ vaporization
  • Copper & aluminum
46
Q

What does it mean when we say a vaporizer is “concentration-calibrated, variable bypass”?

A
  • Concentration-calibrated = calibrated to give via a concentration (ex. 6% desflurane, won’t give in mg of des)
  • Variable bypass refers to the wicking chamber
47
Q

Vaporizers cannot be past the _________ ________ _______.

A

Common gas outlet.

Vaporizers are not calibrated for the high flows of the oxygen flush button

48
Q

What type of vaporizer is depicted below?

A

Old style “bubble-through” vaporizer

49
Q

What type of vaporizer is depicted below?

A

New style “Flow-over” vaporizer

50
Q

What would be the fix if a vaporizer were to run the wrong gas through it?

A
  • Completely drain & discard liquid
  • FGF until no more vapor is detected
51
Q

Would the anesthesia machine be able to detect two VAA’s running at the same time?

A

Yes

52
Q

What occurs with vaporizers at high flow (>15L/min) rates?

A

Failure to saturate carrier gasses

53
Q

What occurs with vaporizers at low flow (<250mL/min) rates?

A

High density of VAA prevents movement onward through the anesthesia machine (gas fails to saturate).

54
Q

What are the causes of intermittent back pressure (pumping effect) on vaporizers?

A
  • Positive pressure ventilation
  • Oxygen flush valve use
55
Q

What factors make a pumping effect in vaporizers more pronounced?

A
  • Low flow rates
  • Low dial settings
  • Low levels of liquid in the vaporizing chamber
56
Q

Whats done to anesthesia machines to ameliorate the pumping effect?

A
  • Smaller vaporizing chambers
  • Baffle systems
  • Longer tube for the inlet of vaporizing chamber
  • Addition of check valve
57
Q

T/F. A higher FGF results in more exhaled gas being rebreathed.

A

False. ↑ FGF = ↓ rebreathing

58
Q

What two factors would cause significant rebreathing?

A
  • ↓ FGF
  • ↑ V̇T
59
Q

Vapor pressure is dependent/independent of barometric pressure.

A

Independent

60
Q

What occurs with anesthetic depth at altitude?
Why is this?

A

No changes vs sea level. Volume % may change but partial pressures and solubility to brain won’t change.

61
Q

What could cause excessively high vaporizer output?

A

Tipping

62
Q

How do modern vaporizer’s prevent overfilling?

A

Overflow holes

63
Q

What occurs when overfilling happens?

A

Liquid enters bypass chamber → excessive dose delivered to patient.

64
Q

What causes VAA leaks?

A
  • Loose filler caps
  • Drain valves
  • Faulty vaporizer mounting bracket interface
65
Q

How would a leak in the vaporizer present?

A
  • Gas odor
  • Lower than expected inhaled concentration
66
Q

What occurs to the patient with vaporizer leaks?

A

Patient wakes up!

67
Q

A vaporizer standard average concentrations must be +/- ___% of setting.

A

20

68
Q

What is the output of a vaporizer when turned off?

A

< 0.05%

69
Q

What prevents more than one vaporizer from being turned on at a time?

A

Interlock Device

Principles of Anesthesia (24 decks)

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