Peripheral Vascular Disease Flashcards
Ischemia is a condition in which blood flow (and thus oxygen) is restricted or reduced in a part of the body. Acute ischaemia is a sudden decrease in limb perfusion causing a potential threat to limb viability (and life). What is the definition of acute ischaemia?
1 - <1 week
2 - <2 weeks
3 - <4 weeks
4 - <12 weeks
2 - <2 weeks
Ischemia is a condition in which blood flow (and thus oxygen) is restricted or reduced in a part of the body. What is the definition of chronic ischaemia?
1 - >1 week
2 - >2 weeks
3 - >4 weeks
4 - >12 weeks
2 - >2 weeks
What is the incidence of acute limb ischaemia?
1 - 14 / 100,000
2 - 140 / 100,000
3 - 1400 / 100,000
4 - 14,000 / 100,000
1 - 14 / 100,000
Results in:
- 30 day amputation rates 10-30%
- mortality = 30%
- thrombotic cause increases risk of limb loss
What is the incidence of chronic ischaemia (PVD) in ?80 y/o?
1 - 1%
2 - 5%
3 - 20%
4 - 50%
3 - 20%
- BUT 50% are asymptomatic
- more common than HF
Which of the following is NOT true about chronic ischaemia?
1 - 20-30% have diabetes
2 - black/African are higher risk
3 - 80-90% are asymptomatic
4 - 90% are caused by atherosclerosis
5 - 3-4% prevalence of amputation
2 - black/African are higher risk
- the risk is greatest in the white population
Which of the following match the definition of gangrene?
1 - inadequate oxygen supply to the tissues due to reduced blood supply
2 - death of tissue.
3 - death of the tissue, specifically due to an inadequate blood supply.
3 - death of the tissue, specifically due to an inadequate blood supply.
- inadequate oxygen supply to the tissues due to reduced blood supply = ischaemia
- death of tissue = necrosis
Which of the following defines absolute ischaemia?
1 - insufficient perfusion to continue normal cellular process (LIMB THREATENING)
2 - insufficient perfusion to permit full function, OK at rest (LIFESTYLE CHANGING
Symptoms depend on level of function, frail or immobile)
3 - insufficient perfusion and can cause pain at rest and gangrene
1 - insufficient perfusion to continue normal cellular process (LIMB THREATENING)
Which of the following defines relative ischaemia?
1 - insufficient perfusion to continue normal cellular process (LIMB THREATENING)
2 - insufficient perfusion to permit full function, OK at rest (LIFESTYLE CHANGING
Symptoms depend on level of function, frail or immobile)
3 - insufficient perfusion and can cause pain at rest and gangrene
2 - insufficient perfusion to permit full function, OK at rest (LIFESTYLE CHANGING
Symptoms depend on level of function, frail or immobile)
Which of the following defines critical ischaemia?
1 - insufficient perfusion to continue normal cellular process (LIMB THREATENING)
2 - insufficient perfusion to permit full function, OK at rest (LIFESTYLE CHANGING
Symptoms depend on level of function, frail or immobile)
3 - insufficient perfusion and can cause pain at rest and gangrene
3 - insufficient perfusion and can cause pain at rest and gangrene
Which of the following is NOT one of the 6Ps that indicate acute ischaemia?
1 - Pale
2 - Painless
3 - Pulseless
4 - Perishingly cold
5 - Paraesthesia (sensations)
6 - Paralysis
2 - Painless
- ischaemia is very painful
The following are the 6Ps that indicate acute ischaemia. Of these which 2 are typically late presenting?
1 - Pale
2 - Pain
3 - Pulseless
4 - Perishingly cold
5 - Paraesthesia (sensations)
6 - Paralysis
5 - Paraesthesia (sensations)
6 - Paralysis
Pain caused by acute absolute limb ischaemia can feel like a burning sensation. Typically when is this pain worse?
1 - when walking
2 - when sleeping
3 - when running
4 - all of the above
2 - when sleeping
- legs are raised so worse then
What is the most common cause of acute limb ischaemia?
1 - aneurysm
2 - aortic dissection
3 - popliteal entrapment
4 - thrombosis
4 - thrombosis
- long term atherosclerosis has caused an thrombosis
- thrombosis is essentially a blood clot obstructing flow
- IT IS NOT FLOATING AROUND
Is it straight froward to distinguish an embolus from a thrombosis?
- no
- very difficult
Does acute or chronic limb ischaemia allow for contralateral to form?
- chronic
- acute is so quick there is no time for contralateral to form