Chapter 12: Estimating Risk Flashcards
Dose absolute risk measure increased risk of disease?
No
How do you calculate attributable risk (AR)?
(Incidence in exposed)- (incidence in unexposed)
Risk(exposed)−Risk(unexposed)=[A/(A+B)]−[C/(C+D)]
How do you calculate attributable risk %?
(Incidence in Exposed)- (Incidence in Non-exposed)/ (Incidence in Exposed)
What does population attributable risk (PAR) provide?
provides estimation of risk due to exposure in a population only some of which have been exposed.
In Levin’s formula what does the p represent?
Proportion of the population that have risk/exposure
In Levin’s formula what does the r represent?
Relative risk
How do you calculate relative risk?
Risk of exposed/ Risk of unexposed
How is a relative risk of 1 interpreted?
The numerator equals the denominator, and the risk in exposed persons equals risk in unexposed
If RR > 1 what is the interpretation
Risk in exposed greater than risk in unexposed (positive association, possibly cusal)
If RR < 1 what is the interpretation
Risk in exposed is less than risk in unexposed (negative association; possibly protective)
In a study of a disease in which all cases that developed were ascertained, if the relative risk for the association between a factor and the disease is equal to or less than 1.0, then
There is either no association or a negative association between the factor and the disease
Which of the following generally cannot be estimated in a case-control study?
a. RR
b. Incidence Rate
c. Prevalence of exposure in the source population
d. Odds ratio of disease
e. Odds ratio of exposure
b. Incidence Rate
Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung cancer are due to cigarette smoking. This measure is an example of:
a. An incidence rate
b. An attributable risk
c. A relative risk
d. A prevalence risk
e. A proportionate mortality ratio
b. An attributable risk
