Prostate cancer Flashcards
Prostate cancer is the 2nd most common cancer in men and typically affects Afro-Caribbean men more frequently. This can often be asymptomatic early on and only present on a routine check of the prostate. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom associated with prostate cancer?
1 - haematuria
2 - lower urinary tract symptoms
3 - haematospermia (blood in semen)
4 - bone pain with metastasis
5 - flank and groin pain
6 - bladder outflow obstruction with AKI
5 - flank and groin pain
- 5 year survival is 98%
Which part of the prostate is predominately affected?
1 - central zone
2 - peripheral zone
3 - transitional zone
4 - urethral zone
2 - peripheral zone
- the transitional zone is commonly affected by BPH, which can also cause lower urinary tract symptoms
Which of the following is typically not part of the diagnosis of prostate cancer?
1 - Elevated serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
2 - Digital rectal examination: induration, asymmetry, nodule
3 - Prostate biopsy
4 - Cystoscopy
4 - Cystoscopy
Which of the following is the first line imaging for prostate cancer?
1 - CT
2 - ultrasound
3 - Multiparametric MRI
4 - X-ray
3 - Multiparametric MRI
Are the following attributable to the histology of prostate cancer or benign glands?
1 - basal cells
2 - small glands with oval lumens
3 - small glands arranged back to back with stroma
- prostate cancer
- benign tissue has complex branching lumens with papillary infoldings
Which scoring system is used to grade prostate cancer?
1 - MRC score
2 - Wells score
3 - Dukes criteria
4 - Glaeson score
4 - Glaeson score
-highest score is 10
- lowest score is 6
The epithelial cells of the prostate produce prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PSA is a glycoprotein that is secreted in the semen, with a small amount entering the blood. Its enzymatic activity helps thin the thick semen into a liquid consistency after ejaculation. It is specific to the prostate only and ranges from 2.5-6,5. What test is performed in a patients who have a PSA of 20?
1 - prostate biopsy
2 - bone scan
3 - prostatectomy
4 - all of the above
4 - all of the above
The epithelial cells of the prostate produce prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PSA is a glycoprotein that is secreted in the semen, with a small amount entering the blood. Its enzymatic activity helps thin the thick semen into a liquid consistency after ejaculation. It is specific to the prostate only and ranges from 2.5-6,5. What does a PSA of >50 often suggest?
1 - terminal cancer
2 - bladder involvement
3 - lymph node involvement
4 - all of the above
3 - lymph node involvement
- PSA >100 suggest advanced prostate cancer
All of the following are options for patients with prostate cancer:
Curative
- Radical Prostatectomy
- Prostate brachytherapy (radiotherapy inserted into the prostate)
Palliative
- Androgen deprivation therapy
- Chemotherapy
In a patient with organ confined PSA of <20 that is <70 y/o, which of the following would they be be offered or receive?
1 - Robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
2 - Androgen deprivation therapy
3 - Radiotherapy
4 - Brachytherapy
5 - all of the above
4 - all of the above
- depends on the patients needs
In a patient with organ confined PSA of <20 aged between 70-79 y/o, which of the following would they be be offered or receive?
1 - Active Surveillance
2 - Brachytherapy
3 - Androgen deprivation therapy
4 - Radiotherapy
5 - all of the above
5 - all of the above
- they just don’t have a prostatectomy
In a patient with organ confined PSA of <20 aged between >80 y/o, which of the following would they be be offered or receive?
1 - Watchful waiting
2 - Androgen deprivation therapy
3 - Radiotherapy
4 - all of the above
4 - all of the above
In a patient with locally advanced prostate cancer and a PSA 20-100, what is the management for all ages?
1 - Active Surveillance
2 - Androgen deprivation therapy
3 - Radiotherapy
4 - all of the above
4 - all of the above
- this is the same if the patient has metastatic cancer, but instead they just receive chemotherapy in addition
