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LECOM PreMatriculation Lectures > Lecture 2: Microanatomy & Histology > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Microanatomy & Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue types?

A

1.) Epithelia
2.) Connective Tissue
3.) Muscle Tissue
4.) Nervous Tissue

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2
Q

What are the 3 germ layers from embryonic development from which all tissues are derived?

A

1.) Ectoderm
2.) Mesoderm
3.) Endoderm

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3
Q

3 important parts of the ECTODERM

A

1.) Neuroectoderm (neural tube)
2.) Neuroectoderm (neural crest)
3.) Surface Ectoderm

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4
Q

Structures derived from the NEURAL TUBE (Can Robots Pee Periodically?)

A

(Can Robots Pee Periodically?)
C - central nervous system
R - retina
P - pineal body
P - posterior pituitary gland

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5
Q

Structures derived from the NEURAL CREST

A
  • Cranial & sensory ganglia / nerves
    *adrenal medulla
    *melanocytes
    *pharyngeal arch cartilages
    *head mesenchyme & connective tissue
    *Schwann cells
  • Odontoblasts
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6
Q

What are Schwann cells?

A

Major glial cell of the peripheral nervous system.

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7
Q

What are Odontoblasts?

A

Cells that produce dentin & protect teeth.

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8
Q

Structures derived from the SURFACE ECTODERM

A
  • Epidermis
    *Hair & nails
    *Cutaneous & mammary glands
    *Anterior pituitary gland
    *enamel
    *internal ear
    *corneal epithelium & lens
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9
Q

4 important parts of the MESODERM

A

1.) Head mesoderm
2.) Paraxial mesoderm
3.) Intermediate mesoderm
4.) Lateral mesoderm

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10
Q

Structures derived from the HEAD MESODERM (CCD)

A

*cranium
* connective tissue of head
*dentin

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11
Q

What is the Dentin?

A

A layer of material that lies immediately underneath the enamel of the tooth

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12
Q

Structures derived from the PARAXIAL MESODERM

A

*Skeletal muscle (not cranium)
*muscles of head
*dermis of skin
*connective tissue

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13
Q

Structures derived from the INTERMEDIATE MESODERM

A

*urogenital system (gonads, ducts, glands)

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14
Q

Structures derived from the LATERAL MESODERM (6)

A
  • connective tissue and muscle of viscera
    *serous membranes of pleura, pericardium, & peritoneum
  • blood & lymph cells
    *cardiovascular & lymphatic systems
  • spleen
    *adrenal cortex
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15
Q

Structures derived from the ENDODERM (ENDO = EPI)

A

*Epithelial parts & linings
Lining - resp tract, gi tract, bladder & urachus
Epithelial Parts - thyroid, tympanic cavity, auditory tube, tonsils, parathyroids, liver, pancreas

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16
Q

What is a dermoid cyst (teratoma)?

A

a type of cyst found almost exclusively in the ovaries, can have structures from all 3 germ layers.

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17
Q

Describe the general characteristics of Epithelial tissue.

A

*cover body’s surface, line cavities, form glands
*avascular (get from connective tissue)
*joined by specialized junctions
* surface specializations
* separated from underlying tissue by basal lamina

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18
Q

What is the basil lamina?

A
19
Q

By what two characteristics do we classify epithelia?

A

1.) Number of Layers
2.) Cell Shape

20
Q

Number of layer categories for epithelia

A

1.) Simple = 1 layer
2.) Stratified = 2+ layers
3.) Pseudostratified = appears 2+ but is only 1

21
Q

Cell shape categories for epithelia

A

1.) Squamous = flat
2.) Cuboidal = square
3.) Columnar = tall

22
Q

What is transitional epithelia?

A

a special kind of tissue found exclusively in the urinary system.

23
Q

Describe the general characteristics of Connective tissue.

A
  • derived from mesoderm
    *separated from each other by extracellular matrix
24
Q

What are the two classifications of connective tissue?

A

1.) Dense - more fibres (collagen) than cells
2.) Loose - more cellular (usually under epithelia)

25
Q

What is adipose?

A

Fatty tissue, common in abdominal areas and around coronary vessels.

26
Q

What are some examples of specialized connective tissues?

A

Bone, cartilage, and blood

27
Q

Regular pattern of connective tissue

A

typical of ligaments and tendons

28
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts?

A

Form connective tissue by excreting collagen

29
Q

What color does collagen stain under H&E stain?

A

Pink

30
Q

What color do proteoglycans stain under H&E stain?

A

Blue

31
Q

What are proteoglycans?

A
32
Q

Describe the general characteristics of Muscle tissue.

A
  • derived from mesoderm
  • help with temperature regulation & movement
33
Q

What are the two basic types of muscle tissue?

A

1.) Striated (skeletal & cardiac)
2.) Smooth

34
Q

Describe skeletal muscle tissue

A

large cells, long cylindrical, multinucleate, peripheral nuclei, usually voluntary

35
Q

Describe cardiac muscle tissue

A

branched cells, central nuclei, connected by intercalated discs with gap junctions for comms. Non-voluntary

36
Q

Describe smooth muscle tissue

A

fusiform, no striations, common in layers, small cells, look like round targets in cross sections.

37
Q

3 important parts of the nervous system (tissues)

A

1.) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
2.) Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
3.) Central Nervous System (CNS)

38
Q

What is the Node of Ranvier?

A
39
Q

Describe the PNS

A
  • derived from neural crest
    *sensory neurons in ganglia
    *motor neurons in spinal cord anterior horn or brain stem motor nuclei
    *Schwann cells myelinate axons
40
Q

Describe the ANS

A

*2 parts - sympathetic & parasympathetic
sympathetic -
parasympathetic -

41
Q

Where are preganglionic sympathetic neurons found?

A

lateral horn of thoracic spinal cord

42
Q

Where are preganglionic parasympathetic neurons found?

A

brainstem nuclei or sacral spinal cord

43
Q

Where are postganglionic neurons found?

A

in the ganglia

44
Q

Describe the CNS

A
  • brain & spinal cord
  • oligodendroglia cells myelinate axons

LECOM PreMatriculation Lectures (15 decks)

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