3. mating and attraction

Question 1

e to the time demands of pregnancy and lactation, females have a limited number o

Answer 1

offspring they can produce

Question 2

Given that the production of offspring is limited and physically demanding for females, evolutionary psychologists argue

Answer 2

that it may benefit females to be selective in choosing a mate, and be discerning in finding a male with high-quality genes

Question 3

if females benefit most from having a mate who invests valuable resources and offers protection from predators and enemies, according to evolutionary psychology, they should be more likely to prefer males who

Answer 3

are willing and able to reliably provide these resources

Question 4

while reproduction is less physically demanding for males, childrearing places considerable demands on males to

Answer 4

support and protect their offspring and their mother

Question 5

Because males can produce a larger number of offspring, evolutionary psychologists would argue that they can maximise their reproductive output by mating with the

Answer 5

youngest and most fertile females

Question 6

research has found that both men and women desire partners who are

Answer 6

intelligent, kind, understanding, and healthy

Question 7

Both men and women also want partners with similar

Answer 7

personalities, attitudes, and religious beliefs to their own

Question 8

a females’ reproductive value is greatest when she is

Answer 8

young

Question 9

signs of health and fertility in females include

Answer 9

healthy hair, skin and facial features such as smooth skin, large eyes and plump lips

Question 10

smooth skin, large eyes and plump lips are indicative of

Answer 10

high estrogen

Question 11

Evidence also suggests that males tend to be attracted to females with a waist-to-hip ratio of approximately

Answer 11

0.7

Question 12

recent findings indicate that there may be a preference among males for an ______ curvature of the spine

Answer 12

ideal

Question 13

In a novel study design, Lewis and colleagues found that there is an ______ angle of lumbar curvature that men find most attractive in women

Answer 13

In a novel study design, Lewis and colleagues found that there is an “optimal” angle of lumbar curvature that men find most attractive in women

Question 14

Lewis and colleagues argue that a possible reason for this could be that it might indicate

Answer 14

readiness for pregnancy, due to a shift forward in the centre of mass created by the foetus.

Question 15

women tend to prefer males who possess the qualities that suggest they are

Answer 15

reliable source of investment for them and their offspring

Question 16

research has found that women are more attracted to men who have

Answer 16

high social status and financial resources

Question 17

Signs of physical dominance that women tend to prefer include

Answer 17

physical formidability, and masculine facial features

Question 18

there is evidence that women tend to prefer the smell of a man’s sweat whose immune system is

Answer 18

different from their own

Question 19

An evolutionary-based explanation for women’s preferring sweat of different immune systems is

Answer 19

the dissimilarity in immune systems of parents increases the strength of their offspring’s immune system since it leaves offspring with an enhanced pathogen-detection ability

Question 20

recent findings suggest that the contraceptive pill reverses sweat preferences in women, such that women taking the pill tend to prefer the smell of sweat from men who have

Answer 20

similar immune systems

Question 21

Birnbaum, Birnbaum, & Ein-Dor (2016) investigated this effect by comparing the children of couples who met while the mother was taking the pill, to the children of parents who met while the mother was not taking the pill. The results found that the children born to mothers who were on the pill at the time of meeting their partner were more likely to

Answer 21

get infections, needed more medical care, experienced more sickness, and were perceived as less healthy in general

Question 22

Divorce, the legal dissolution of a marriage, has increased substantially since ____ when the Family Law Act 1975 was introduced

Answer 22

1976

Question 23

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, there have been approximately _______ divorces in Australia each year since 1996

Answer 23

50 000