nutrition (humans)

Question 1

name the nutrients that make up a balanced diet

Answer 1

carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibre

Question 2

what are the main sources of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

bread, rice, pasta, sugar, potatoes

Question 3

what are the main sources of protein?

Answer 3

beans, fish, meat, cheese

Question 4

what are the main sources of fats?

Answer 4

oil, butter, avocados, milk, oily fish, eggs

Question 5

what are the main sources of vitamin A?

Answer 5

carrots, fish liver oil, liver, butter

Question 6

what are the main sources of vitamin C?

Answer 6

fruit (especially citrus), vegetables

Question 7

what are the main sources of vitamin D?

Answer 7

fish liver oils, also made in skin in sunlight

Question 8

what are the main sources of calcium?

Answer 8

spinach (vegetables), dairy products, fish, bread

Question 9

what are the main sources of iron?

Answer 9

red meat, liver, eggs, some vegetables

Question 10

what are the main sources of fibre?

Answer 10

corn, some vegetables

Question 11

carbohydrates function

Answer 11

used for respiration to release energy

Question 12

protein function

Answer 12

needed for growth and repair of tissues in muscle

Question 13

fats function

Answer 13

used to make cell membrane, insulation, protection of organs, and as an energy store

Question 14

vitamin A function

Answer 14

maintain retina in eye

Question 15

vitamin C function

Answer 15

sticks cell lining surfaces to make connective tissues

Question 16

vitamin D function

Answer 16

helps bones absorb calcium

Question 17

calcium function

Answer 17

making and strengthening teeth and bones

Question 18

iron function

Answer 18

used to make haemoglobin in red blood cells which helps carry oxygen

Question 19

fibre function

Answer 19

gives the muscle of our gut something to push against as the food moves through the small intestine

Question 20

water function

Answer 20

stay hydrated, provides a solvent for the enzyme, maintains osmosis correctly in cells

Question 21

what causes anaemia and what are the symptoms and ways to treat this?

Answer 21

iron - gets tired easily, feels weak, skin becomes pale, lips and nails become dull and colourless. ways to treat: vegetables, meat, beans

Question 22

what causes scurvy and what are the symptoms and ways to treat this?

Answer 22

vitamin C - lethargy, skin spots, bleeding gums, tooth loss, fever, death. ways to treat: oranges, citrus fruits, cabbage

Question 23

what causes beriberi and what are the symptoms and ways to treat this?

Answer 23

vitamin B - anorexia, heaviness, weakness. affects health of eyes, skin, growth. ways to treat: milk, fish, meat, cereal, eggs

Question 24

what causes rickets and what are the symptoms and ways to treat this?

Answer 24

vitamin D - muscles and bones become soft which causes permanent deformities. ways to treat: milk, fish, meat, butter, eggs

Question 25

what causes night blindness and what are the symptoms and ways to treat this?

Answer 25

vitamin A - cant see properly in dark, eyes dull and skin dry, can lead to blindness. ways to treat: carrots, fish, fruits, milk ,butter

Question 26

what causes pellagria and what are the symptoms and ways to treat this?

Answer 26

vitamin B - diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death. ways to treat: beans, milk, flour

Question 27

what causes goitre and what are the symptoms and ways to treat this?

Answer 27

iodine - swelling around the neck region. eat iodised salts

Question 28

what causes kwashiorkor and what are the symptoms and ways to treat this?

Answer 28

protein - cant put on weight or grow, lose muscle mass, develop swelling and pot belly. ways to treat: small amounts of food first, carbohydrates and then proteins