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summer cph > Environmental Health Hazard > Flashcards

Environmental Health Hazard Flashcards

1
Q

What org defines “Environmental health comprises those aspects
of human health, including quality of life, that
are determined by physical, chemical,
biologic, social, and psychosocial factors in
the environment.”

A

WHO

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2
Q

any external factor that negatively affects
your health can be considered an

A

environmental health hazard.

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3
Q

Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by _____ in
the environment.

A

physical, chemical,
biologic, social, and psychosocial factors

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4
Q

In developing countries with _______ populations , people continue to suffer from traditional risks

A

large rural

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5
Q

In developing countries with large rural populations , people continue to suffer from ________

A

traditional risks

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6
Q

In developing countries with ______ populations and ________, people are exposed to additional environmental risks

A

large urban; more industry

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7
Q

In developing countries with large urban populations and
more industry, people are exposed to _______

A

additional environmental risks

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8
Q

Rural or Urban?

unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and hygiene, and indoor smoke from domestic cooking and heating

A

Rural

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9
Q

Rural or Urban?
(including exposure to urban, industrial and agrochemical
pollution, as well as industrial accidents)

A

Urban

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10
Q

Environmental health hazards (8)

A

⚫ Land and climate related hazards
⚫ Atmospheric hazards
⚫ Water related hazards
⚫ Food Borne hazards
⚫ Vector Borne Hazards
⚫ Domestic Hazards
⚫ Occupational Hazards
⚫ Infrastructural hazards

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11
Q

associated with old, heavy and
manufacturing industries and
mining wind-blown dust also a
significant problem in some areas

A

Out Door Pollution /Air or Atmospheric hazards

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12
Q

Do outdoor pollution Increases problem in many urban
areas due to road traffic?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Hazards which are not new to us; These
hazards have been going on for certain years
in our planet (long before we were born)

A

Land and Climate Related Hazards

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14
Q

Common in both lowland coastal and inland
areas, especially in tropics and monsoon areas

A

Floods

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15
Q

What is the POSITIVE PERSPECTIVE of Volcanic eruption?

A

A means to
revive the Earth; To make the land fertile again

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16
Q

The negative impact of this hazard have
continuously became a problem for
communities; However, its positive impact is that it changes the surface of the Earth,
intended primarily to preserve the existence of life

A

Drought

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17
Q

Gases or pollutants that are
emitted from natural phenomenon

A

Pollutant emission

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18
Q

Pollutants of concern are:
(Primary pollutants)

A

 Ozone (O3)
 Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
 Carbon Monoxide (CO)
 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
 Lead (Pb)
 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

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19
Q

Symbol of Nitrogen Oxide

A

NOx

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20
Q

Symbol of Volatile Organic Compounds

A

VOCs

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21
Q

Symbol of Suspended Particulate Matter

A

SPM

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22
Q

Symbol of Sulfur Dioxide

A

SO2

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23
Q

Symbol of Ozone

A

O3

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24
Q

Symbol of Carbon Monoxide

A

CO

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25
Q

Symbol of Lead

A

Pb

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26
Q

Highly reactive irritating gas with an unpleasant
odor that forms in the troposphere (lowest layer of
the Earth’s atmosphere) as major component of
photochemical smog

A

Ozone
(O3)

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27
Q

Horizon is usually hazy and sometimes
cloudy that we cannot even see what is
beyond the horizon; blurred smoke.

A

Smog

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28
Q

is a chemical reaction
activated by light; This is a mixture of more than
100 primary and secondary pollutants formed
under the influence of sunlight

A

Photochemical Smog

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29
Q

A variety of small and light particles, (sometimes
they form) aerosols (droplets) suspended in the
atmosphere

A

Suspend Particulate Matter (SPM)

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30
Q

Colorless, odorless gas poisonous to (us)
animals. Formed as a result of incomplete
combustions of carbon-containing fuels

A

Carbon Monoxide(CO)

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31
Q

Formed as a result of incomplete
combustion of carbon containing fuels

A

(2C + O2 → 2CO)

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32
Q

Health effect of Carbon Monoxide

A

Will die of asphyxiation in the
sense that you will die due to lack of oxygen

(Prevents the RBC to accept oxygen)

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33
Q

According to WHO, _______ is also a
potential source of carbon monoxide (secondhand
smoke)

A

Cigarette smoke

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34
Q

(A combination of gases composed primarily of)
NO (Nitric Oxide), NO2 (Nitrogen Dioxide), N2O
(Nitrous oxide)

A

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)

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35
Q

Reddish brown irritating gas that gives
photochemical smog its brownish color. Can be converted to nitric acid (HNO3) a major component of acid deposition (acid rain)

A

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)

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36
Q

The reason why if you see smog, it tends to be _______

A

hazy

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37
Q

Brought about by the
conversion of pollutant gases
such as nitrogen oxide into
nitric acid

A

ACID DEPOSITION (ACID
RAIN)

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38
Q

Nitric acid is then being returned
to Earth in the means of _____

A

rain

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39
Q

the water that comes
out from the rain becomes acidic
to nature in the sense that it can
cause______, especially in metals,
and can lead to the destruction
of the ecosystem

A

rust

40
Q

Colorless, irritating gas formed as a result
of combustion from sulfur-containing fossil fuels
such as coal and oil

A

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

41
Q

Sulfur Dioxide can be converted to _______ in the atmosphere which is a major component of acid
deposition (acid rain)

A

sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

42
Q

Solid toxic metal and its compounds, emitted into
the atmosphere as (a suspended) particulate
matter

A

Lead (Pb)

43
Q

As the engines function, the lead that is
present in the ______, is being emitted in the atmosphere

A

fuel

44
Q

These are emitted as gases from certain solids or
liquids

A

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

45
Q

Derived from organic chemicals that are widely
used as ingredients in household products. They
release organic compounds while in use or even
when stored (not in use)

A

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

46
Q

 Household products, including:
 Paints, paint strippers, and other solvents
 Wood preservatives
 Aerosol sprays
 Cleansers and disinfectants
 Moth repellents and air fresheners
 Stores fuels and automotive products
 Hobby supplies
 Dry-cleaned clothing
 Pesticide
 Other products,

A

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

47
Q

A superficial usually whitish
growth produced especially on organic
matter or living plants by fungi

A

Mildew

48
Q

Dandruff, minute
scales from hair, feathers, or skin
that may be allergenic

A

Pet Dander

49
Q

A naturally occurring mineral
fiber that was commonly used as an insulation
and fireproofing material. It was often used in
older buildings to insulate pipes, walls, and
ceilings; as a component of floor and ceiling tiles;
and sprayed in structures for fireproofing. It is
harmless if intact and left alone, but, when
disturbed, the airborne fibers can cause serious
health problems.

A

Asbestos

50
Q

A naturally occurring radioactive gas that
cannot be seen, smelled, or tasted. Radon seeps into homes from surrounding soil, rocks, and water, and through openings (cracks, drains, sump pumps etc.) in the foundation and floor.

A

Radon

51
Q

Compounds that exist as vapors over the normal
range of air pressure and temperatures

A

Volatile Organic compounds (VOCs)

52
Q

the planet is covered ___% of water and only ___% made of land or even less because of the effects of climate change

A

70% water; 30% land

53
Q

TYPES OF WATER:

A

Surface Water
Ground Water

54
Q

Surface or Ground water?
(Are being contaminated specifically) in urban areas, primarily from industrial and domestic wastes
 In rural related pollution areas with co-use of
waters for humans (consumption) and livestock

A

Surface Water

55
Q

Surface or Ground Water?

Are being contaminated primarily because of
the leeching effect of pesticides, herbicides,
grease, automotive oil, and other forms of
contaminants that may tend to percolate into
the deepest part of the earth’s crust to
contaminate the groundwater

A

Ground Water

56
Q

Derived from surface water and groundwater

A

Drinking water

57
Q

Associated with poor domestic sanitation and
hygiene arrangements

A

Biological COntamination

58
Q

Food additives, pesticides, herbicides,
chemical agents (in the water) – Rivers

A

Chemical Contamination

59
Q

Usually biologic agents that are found in the
environment, they are part of the ecosystem and we
live among them

A

Vector borne Hazrads

60
Q

We can get it from eating raw foods, insect bites, and
such

A

Vector Borne Hazards

61
Q

Type of Vector

o Guinea worm, schistosomiasis
o Guinea worm = Dracunculiasis

A

Water related vector

62
Q

o Toxoplasmosis, Bubonic Plague
o Bubonic Plague = Black Plague
(Flea- Y. Pestis)

A

Animal-related vector

63
Q

o Sleeping sickness, Bubonic Plague,
Malaria, Dengue, and Filariasis

A

Arthropod related vector

64
Q

Often associated with
over-crowding and poor living conditions

A

Domestic Problems

65
Q

– Severe problem in areas lacking
organized sewerage system

A

Sanitation

66
Q

Lacking; Associated
especially with open waste dump sites (E.g.
Communities living on, or regularly sorting
trough, waste sites)

A

Waste handling

67
Q

– Includes residential
and industrial waste. Solid waste is usually
disposed of in landfills or even being recycled

A

Municipal Solid waste

68
Q

Defined as that which is
toxic (E.g. Chemical agents that are derived
from household products), corrosive (E.g.
Acids), flammable (E.g. Gasoline), or
ignitable needs to be disposed of properly

A

Hazardous waste

69
Q

Derived from powerplants
o Sources are commercial power
plants, hospitals, and nonmilitary
sources nuclear power plants
including residential and industrial
sources

A

Nuclear waste

70
Q

– Basic equipment and
structures (roads and bridges, buildings, houses)
that are needed for a country, religion, or
organization (social community) to function
properly

A

Infrastructure

71
Q

Because of Traffic Accidents and noise pollution, growing
problem in major cities

A

True. It is an infrastructure hazrad

72
Q

True or False Industrial Accidents: Associated
mainly with poorly regulated chemical
industries is Land Hazard

A

False. It is an infrastructure hazard

73
Q

Contaminated land: Old industrial sites
and waste-dumps is a biological hazard

A

false. It is an infastructure hazard

74
Q

Heard when energy from vibrations,
traveling through air, liquid, or solid media as
pressure waves, is received by the ear.

A

sound

75
Q

-Unwanted, unpleasant sound

A

Noise

76
Q

Sound volume, that is, its
loudness or intensity; Measured and expressed
as decibels (dB)

A

Amplitude

77
Q

Derived from traffic, trains, buses, lawn mowers,

leaf blowers, helicopters, construction noise, low-
flying recreational planes, jet skis, air-conditioning

units

A

Noise pollution

78
Q

Exposure to noise levels higher than ___decibels for long periods of time can cause permanent hearing damage

A

85 dB

79
Q

_______ impedes the
body’s ability to cool itself.

A

High humidity

80
Q

Unable to cool itself is a particular problem for
the mid-30s.

A

False. Elderly

81
Q

Excessive stress is associated
with decreased immune
function and an increased risk
of environmentally related
illness.

T or F

A

True

82
Q

Approximately ____% are in less developed
countries (working conditions is more hazardous)

A

85%

83
Q

according to the WHO, ____ million
workers experience nonfatal injuries and _____ workers are fatally injured (1 million = Workplace injury; about1,000 = Fatal injury/deaths per day)

A

317 million; 321 million

84
Q

Approximately_______ is lost from the global economy

A

$ 1.25 trillion

85
Q

Reasons for occupational injury/disease:

A

Lack of training or lack of education in work
– Leads to fatal injuries and accidents

Lack of Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) – Leads to diseases, injuries, and
even death

86
Q

Is any abnormal condition or disorder, other than
one resulting from an occupational injury, caused
by factors associated with employment. It
includes acute or chronic illnesses that may be
acquired through inhalation, absorption,
ingestion, or direct contact

A

Occupational disease

87
Q

Inhalation of suspended
particulate matter in the extraction of the
coal including gases

A

Coal mining causes respiratory
diseases

88
Q

Is any injury, such as cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation, which results from a work-related event or from a single, instantaneous exposure in the work environment

A

OCCUPATIONAL INJURY

89
Q

altered local ecosystems and modified regional climates

A

Climate Change

90
Q

Abnormally high temperatures in Europe in the summer of (Year) were associated with at least 27,000 deaths

A

2003 in Europe -27,000 deaths

91
Q

2 FORMS OF CLIMATE CHANGE:

A

Global Cooling
Global Warming

92
Q

This form of Climate change happened in the Ice Age

A

Global Cooling

93
Q

Happened rapidly because of because of the intense human activities,
increasing human population and
development of industries that
spews a lot of gases in the
atmosphere that contributes to
the greenhouse effect

A

Global Warming

94
Q

Climate change was estimated to be responsible in 2000 for approximately 2.4% of worldwide diarrhea, and 6% of malaria in some middle-
income countries

True or False

A

true

95
Q

Why there is an increase in Malaria?

A

Because of human development, we
want to use our land for creating
communities, cities, houses, bridges,
etc. – We destroy forests, their
ecosystem and habitats, and mosquitoes
will go and breed in urban areas which
increases the number of dengue and
malaria cases in the cities from time to
time

96
Q

Vector-borne diseases will peak during which climate?

A

During Warmer months

summer cph (7 decks)

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