Bacillus Flashcards

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1
Q

Bacillus spp.

A
  • Aerobic
    -non acid fast
  • Spore forming
  • catalase positive
  • non branching
  • 5% blood sheep agar, blood culture media, nutrient broths, PEA and CA media
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2
Q

Clostridium spp.

A
  • Anaerobic
  • non acid fast
  • spore forming
  • catalase negative
  • non branching
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3
Q

Cutaneous Anthrax

A
  • most human infections
  • endosperm’s come in through break in the skin
  • obtained from contact with animal products
  • 2-6 incubation
  • ring of vesicles appear that develop into an ulcer (eschar) on the skin
  • no fever, fatal if lesions are on face and neck (obstructed airway)
  • mortality rate of 1%
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4
Q

GI Anthrax

A
  • ingestion of endospores
  • eating raw or undercooked meat
    1. Oral-pharyngeal lesions: sore throat , lymphadenopathy, edema of throat and chest
    2. GI lesions: nonspecific symptoms that progress to abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, bloody diarrhea, and hematemesis
  • mortality higher than cutaneous
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5
Q

Inhalation (Wool-sorters Anthrax)

A
  • inhalation if endospores
  • most deadly
  • exposure to endospores from handling infected animal hides, hair, or fibers
  • macrophages ingest these in the lungs and transport them to the lymph nodes
  • flu like disease: fever, chills, fatigue, cough, nausea, vomiting
    -then progression to respiratory distress, edema, cyanosis, shock, and death.
  • widened mediastinum
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6
Q

Injectional Anthrax

A
  • happens through contaminated drugs, usually heroin (animal skins used to move drugs)
  • skin site is bruised, no eschar
  • leads to systemic dissemination and septic shock
    -not seen in US
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7
Q

Anthracis Presumptive Identification

A
  • large, non-hemolytic colony that stands up like a beaten egg (positive tenacity test)
  • gram stain: large, gram positive rods
  • catalase positive
  • nonmotile
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8
Q

Anthracis Confirmatory Identification

A
  • detection of antibodies by indirect hemagglutination and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays
    -Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST)
  • DNA microarrays
  • MALDI-T identifies PA, EF, and LF proteins
    -PCR is most rapid test: detects several targets on the chromosome and virulence plasmids (which code for the biosynthesis of the capsule)
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9
Q

Environment Location comparison

A

Both B. cereus and B. anthracis are found in soil

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10
Q

Mode of Transmission comparison

A

B. Anthracis:
- injectional, inhalation, GI, and Cutaneous

B. Cereus
- Trauma
- food borne illness (meats, vegetables, rice), immunocompromised, skin infections or systemic (endocarditis or septicemia), urinary or respiratory tract, HAI, contaminated drugs

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11
Q

Morphology Comparison

A

B. Cereus:
- beta hemolytic
- large feathery
- motile, non encapsulated

B. Anthracis
- gray, flat, irregular swirling projections “Medusa head”, ground glass appearance
- non-hemolytic (gamma)
- stands up like a beaten egg (positive tenacity test)
-non motile
- gram stain: large, positive rods
- catalase positive

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12
Q

Specimen Processing Comparison

A
  • Heat or alcohol shock prior to plating and selects for spore forming bacilli

Anthracis
- leak proof primary container and secondary container prior to antibiotic therapy
- vesicular fluid from eschar, blood cultures, stool, CSF, pleural fluid, tissue, ascites fluid, sputum, bronchitis biopsy, or serum
- use formaldehyde prior to disposal: must alert cdc within 7 days upon ID

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13
Q

Bioterrorism select agent comparison

A

B. Anthracis
- category A agent: those presenting the highest risk to public health and national security because they are easily transmitted from person to person and have high mortality rates

B. Cereus
- not a select agent

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14
Q

Biohazard precautions comparison

A
  • wash hands
  • wear gloves
  • mask, gown, eye protection
  • take care to prevent injuries
  • dispose of single use items properly
  • ensure the reusable equipment is sterilized
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