B6 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Why doctors don’t give antibiotics to patients with minor infections

A

To prevent resistant bacteria stains reproducing

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2
Q

Bacterial diseases vaccines fight against

A

Tetanus and diphtheria

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3
Q

Viral diseases vaccines fight against

A

Polio, measles and mumps

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4
Q

Antigens

A

Proteins on every cell’s surface

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5
Q

Painkillers(examples)

A

Aspirin and paracetamol

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6
Q

Painkillers

A

Drugs that relieve the symptoms of disease but don’t kill the pathogens

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7
Q

Drugs which kill bacteria outside the body

A

Antiseptics
Disinfectants

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8
Q

What is the drug digitalis used for?

A

To strengthen the heartbeat,
first used in the 18th century

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9
Q

What is the drug aspirin used for?

A

To relieve pain and inflammation, first synthesised in 1897 by
Felix Hoffman

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10
Q

How was penicillin discovered?

A

As there was a clear ring of jelly around Flemming’s lid with bacteria growing on it- Flemming discovered something had killed the bacteria

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11
Q

How are medicines for the future looked for?

A

New drugs are synthesised by chemicals in the pharmaceutical industry, but the starting point is a chemical from the plant e.g. one example of a medicine with antibiotic properties is noni fruit

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12
Q

A good medicine

A

Effective
Safe
Stable
Successfully taken into/removed from the body

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13
Q

What is a zone of inhibition?

A

Area where the growth of bacteria has been slowed or stopped

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14
Q

Why do schools and colleges grow bacterial plates at 25 degrees celsius?

A

The temperature prevents harmful pathogens growing

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15
Q

What diseases does the MMR vaccine protect against?

A

Measles, mumps and rubella

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16
Q

Why there is a large increase in the populations of many antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria in many years

A

The non-resistant strains of bacterial pathogens are killed by antibiotics.
Less competition
Overuse of antibiotics

17
Q

After immunisation, what happens if a pathogen re-enters the body

A

White blood cells rapidly produce the required antibodies to kill this pathogen and avoid infection.

18
Q

Why is the development of a new medicine so expensive?

A

Takes up to 12 years
Involves multiple stages, extensive lab resources
Only a small proportion of the thousands of chemicals put through lab are eventually put through animal testing