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EOR - Internal Med > Rosh Material #2 > Flashcards

Rosh Material #2 Flashcards

1
Q

ohio or mississippi river valley
bird/bat droppings

A

histoplasmosis

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2
Q

permanent pacemaker is the definitive tx for which two AV blocks

A

mobitz type II
third degree

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3
Q

what is this showing

A

second degree type II (mobitz II)

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4
Q

prophylaxis tx for PJP if sulfa allergy

A

dapsone

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5
Q

opportunistic HIV infxns and associated prophylaxis

A

PJP -> bactrim
myobacterium TB -> isoniazid + pyridixoine
toxoplasmosis -> bactrim
MAC -> azithromycin

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6
Q

indications for prophylaxis for opportunistic HIV infxns

A

PJP: < 200
toxoplasmosis: < 100
MAC: <50

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7
Q

rose bengal stain

A

sjorgen’s

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8
Q

salivary gland bx findings of sjorgen’s

A

mononuclear cell infiltration

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9
Q

what surgical procedure is an alternative to cipro to eradicate the carrier state for carriers of salmonella

A

cholecystectomy

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10
Q

common cause of osteomyelitis in kids w. SSA

A

salmonellosis

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11
Q

pathophys of alpha thalassemia

A

two or more of the four alpha-globin chain genes fails to fxn

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12
Q

only independent rf for mesothelioma

A

asbestos

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13
Q

presenation of mesothelioma

A

-20-40 yrs after exposure
-insidious onst SOB, unilateral, nonpleuritic cp
-fatigue/weakness
-weight loss

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14
Q

2 CXR findings of mesothelioma

A

pleural thickening
pleural effusion

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15
Q

describe fluid w. mesothelioma related pleural effusion

A

exudative
hemorrhagic

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16
Q

dx for mesothelioma

A

-VATS bx (video assisted thorascopic surgery)

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17
Q

pharm for SAH

A

nimodipine (decreases vasospasm)

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18
Q

CSF findings of SAH

A

xanthochromia (yellow/pink)
vs
gross blood

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19
Q

lung ca screening guidelines for smokers/past smokers

A

annual low dose CT for:
50-80 yo w. 20 ppy smoking hx
OR
have quit w.in past 15 yr

d/c when pt has not smoked x 15 yrs or has limited life expectancy

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20
Q

lupus pernio
bilat hilar adenopathy
noncaseating granulomas

A

sarcoidosis

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21
Q

desmopressin is effective in treating which type of diabetes insipidus

A

central

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22
Q

indication for mechanical valve replacement over biprosthetic

A

<50 yo who can take warfarin

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23
Q

what is this showing

A

superficial thrombophlebitis

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24
Q

3 types of thrombophlebitis

A

-superficial phlebitis: pain/inflammation, (-) thrombus
-superficial thrombophlebitis: pain/inflammation, (+) thrombus
-superficial vein thrombosis

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25
Q

tx for thrombophlebitis

A

-elevation/warm compress
-NSAIDs
-compression
-ambulation
-anticoagulation

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26
Q

3 signs of metastatic gastric carcionma

A

left supraclavicular node (virchow)
left axillary node (irish)
periumbilical node (sister mary joseph)

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27
Q

management of sliding hiatal hernia

A

asymptomatic: lifestyle
symptomatic: ppi

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28
Q

management of paraesophageal hiatal hernia

A

asymptomatic: conservative
symptomatic: surgery

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29
Q

classificaitons of post MI complications

A

mechanical
mural thrombosis
pump failure
pericarditis
recurrent MI
conduction abnl’s

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30
Q

3 mc types of post MI mechanical complications

A

free wall rupture
VSD
acute mitral valve regurgitation

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31
Q

post MI free wall rupture mc occurs _ after an MI

A

24-48 hr

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32
Q

hallmark presentation of post MI free wall rupture

A

cardiac tamponde 24-48 hr post MI

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33
Q

timeline of post MI free wall rupture and VSD

A

-free wall rupture: 24-48 hr (up to 2 weeks)
-VSD: 10 days

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34
Q

what is this showing

A

anterior mediastinal neoplasm -> thymoma is mc

35
Q

pharm tx for MG

A

-chronic: cholinesterase inhibitors:
neostigmine
pyridostigmine
-acute: plasmapheresis, IVIG

36
Q

4 mc paraneoplastic d.o

A

MG
pure red cell aplasia
immunodeficiency
thymoma-associated multiorgam autoimmunity

37
Q

sx of MG

A

-ocular or generalized muscle weakness
-dysarthria
-dysphagia
-ptosis/diplopia worse at the end of the day/after exertion

38
Q

3 conditions associated w. MG

A

thymoma
thyroid dz
autoimmune d.o

39
Q

mcc and affected valve of infective endocarditis: non IVDU vs IVDU

A

IVDU: staph, tricuspid
non IVDU: staph vs strep viridans, mitral

40
Q

2 indications for valacyclovir w. bells palsy

A

-presence of herpetic vesicles in the external ear canal
-grade IV severity

41
Q

causes of pneumoconiosis and associated luing findings

A

asbestos: shipping, construction, plumbing, mechanic -> lower lobe
berylliosis: aerospace, dentist, IT, fluorescent bulbs -> upper lobe
byssinosis: cotton
silicosis: quarries, sandblasting, mines/drilling -> upper lung
talc: ceramics, cosmetics, plastics/rubber/paint -> upper lobe
hard metal (cobalt): diamond polishing, cobalt -> lower lobe

42
Q

what types of pneumoconiosis are assocaited w. upper upper lobe findings

A

coal dust
beryllium
talc
silica

43
Q

what 2 types of pneumoconiosis are associated w. lower lobe findings

A

hard metal (cobalt)
asbestos

44
Q

how to remember upper vs lower lobe pneumoconiosis

A

-asbestos: from the roof, affects the base
-silica, coal: from the base (earth), affect the roof (upper lobes

45
Q

rapid correction of acute hypernatremia may cause:
rapid correction of acute hyponatremia may cause:

A

rapid correction of hypernatremia -> cerebral edema
rapid correction of hyponatremia -> osmotic demyelination syndrome

46
Q

bp management of acute aortic dissection

A

esmolol
vs
labetalol

47
Q

g6pd is caused by

A

reduction in glutathione levels in rbc

48
Q

name 2 meds that are used for abd cramping in IBD

A

dicyclomine
hyoscyamine

49
Q

tx for myocarditis

A

similar to CHF:
furosemide
ACEI
bb if EF < 40%
+/- abx

50
Q

sx of stroke based on location

A

ACA: apraxia, contralateral LE paralysis
MCA: contralateral UE paralysis, aphasia
PCA/VBI: LOC, n/v, CN dysfxn, ataxia, visual agnosia

51
Q

mcc complication of pckd

A

ESRD

52
Q

3 conditions that cause increased serum solutes

A

hyperglycemia
IVIG
mannitol administration

53
Q

3 rf for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

-smoking
-exposure to stone, metal, wood, organic dusts
-GERD

54
Q

early vs late PE findings of pulmonary fibrosis

A

early: crackles
late: clubbing

55
Q

what is this showing

A

diffuse ST elevation -> pericarditis

56
Q

pharm for AVNRT (mcc of paroxysmal SVT)

A

adenosine
diltiazem
metoprolol

57
Q

extraintestinal manifestations of UC

A

pyoderma gangrenosum
erythema nodosum
ankylosing spondylitis/sacroileitis
arthritis
uveitis
liver dz
kidney dz
primary sclerosing cholangitis

58
Q

bx findings of UC vs crohn’s

A

UC: crypt abscesses, crypt branching
Crohn’s: granulomas

59
Q

recs for lipid panel screening for men w. no other CVD rf

A

lipid profile beginning at age 35

60
Q

management of IBD, acute vs chronic

A

acute: prednisone
chronic: mesalamine

61
Q

opportunistic infxns associated w. CD4 counts that Rosh wants us to know

A

<250: esophageal candidiasis
<200: PCP PNA
<100: cerebral toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis
<50: MAC

62
Q

TSH range goal for pt’s w. PMH thyroid ca

A

0.1-2.0

63
Q

which alzheimer’s med is neuroprotective

A

memantine -> NMDA agonist

64
Q

most impotant rf for prostate ca

A

older age

65
Q

2 PSA indications for urology referral

A

> 4
rapidly rising

66
Q

management of prostate ca

A

localized: obs, EBRT, brachytherapy, prostatectomy
recurrent/metastatic: androgen deprivation

67
Q

femal w. recurrent DVTs and adverse pregnancy outcomes

A

antiphospholipid abs syndrome

68
Q

painless weakness of the proximal muscles

A

polymyositis

69
Q

what 2 lab abnl’s are associated w. sarcoidosis

A

elevated ACE
hypercalcemia

70
Q

IV management of HTN emergency (2)

A

labetalol
nicardipine

71
Q

cholinergic agonist that is approved for dry mouth caused by sjorgen syndrome

A

cevimeline

72
Q

core regimen for PVD/PAD

A

ASA
cliostazol
rosuvastatin
smoking cessation
structured exercise

73
Q

f/c, worsening of lesions, tender LAD, hyperventilation, and hypotn w.in 24 hr after receiving tx for spirochete infxn (ex syphilis)

A

jarisch herxheimer rxn

74
Q

tx for harisch herxheimer rxn

A

APAP vs ibuprofen

75
Q

t/f: a fasely high ABI may indicate severely hardened, non compressible leg vessels

A

t!

76
Q

causes of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

diarrhea
renal tubular acidosis
adrenal insufficiency
ckd
intestinal/pancreatic/biliary fistula
hypoaldosteronism
meds

77
Q

5 meds associated w. normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

spironolactone
prostaglandin inhibitors
sulfas
cyclosporin
pentamidine

78
Q

what age should AAA screening be done

A

one time US at 65 yo

79
Q

gs imaging for the initial dx and staging of bladder ca

A

cystoscopy

80
Q

4 rapid sequence intubation induction agents

A

etomidate
ketamine
midazolam
propofol

81
Q

which RSI agent is best for respiratory failoure due to asthma

A

ketamine (bronchodilatory effects)

82
Q

the rash of SLE mc affects the _ surfaces of the hands and arms

A

extensor

83
Q

sx of acute adrenal insufficiency

A

dehydration, hypotn, shock
n/v, wt loss, anorexia
acute abdomen
hypoglycemia
fever
hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, azotemia, hypercalcemia
hyperpigmentation

84
Q

initial tx for MG

A

pyridostigmine

EOR - Internal Med (13 decks)

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