KCP1 Obesity

Question 1

Cyanide blocks the flow of electrons along the electron transport chain. Which of the following is the metabolic effect of this poison?

Answer 1

Proton gradient would disappear

Question 2

Which complex of the electron transport chain is unable to generate sufficient free energy to power ATP synthesis?

Answer 2

Complex II (contains succinate dehydrogenase)

Question 3

Define obesity.

Answer 3

Systemic, chronic low grade inflammation

Question 4

Two hypothalamic centres that control energy balance

Answer 4

Orexigenic and anorexigenic

Question 5

Name an important hormone of adipose tissue that is involved in energy balance and explain the mechanism.

Answer 5

Leptin. It suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure. It is secreted by adipose tissue via anorexigenic pathway. It is released by POMC/CART neurons. Consequently, it leads to change in behaviours.

Question 6

Explain how obesity leads to hyperglycaemia?

Answer 6

Increase lipolysis, increase in fatty acid
Impair insulin sensitivity which leads to insulin resistance
Glucose is not converted to glycogen
High level of glucose in plasma
Leads to hyperglycaemia

Question 7

List out some consequences of obesity and what these disorders are collectively called?

Answer 7

Congested heart failure
Hypertension
NAFLD non-alchoholic fatty liveer disease
Renal failure

They are called metabolic syndrome

Question 8

Which of the following are not converted to glucose in the liver?
Lactate, glycerol, alanine, cholesterol

Answer 8

Cholesterol

Question 9

Gluconeogenesis and glucogen synthesis/degradation occur in

Answer 9

Gluconeogenesis: liver & kidney
Glycogen synthesis & degradation/ glycogenesis & glycogenolysis : liver & muscle

Question 10

The synthesis of fatty acids from glucose in the liver utilizes?

Answer 10

A carboxylation reaction at the first step

Question 11

The statement below is about the synthesis of fatty acids form glucose in the liver. T/F?

It requires NADPH derived solely from the pentode phosphate pathway.

Answer 11

False. NADPH can also be derived from organic enzymes.

Question 12

Familial dyslipidaemia
Type I hyperchylomicronemia’s pathophysiology?

Answer 12

Lipoprotein lipase deficiency/ altered ApoC II
resulting in high lvl of chylomicrons, TG and cholesterol

Question 13

Familial dyslipidaemia
Tangier disease is due to

Answer 13

Very rare deficiency of ABCA1
leading to severe reduction in HDL

Question 14

Familial dyslipidaemia
Type IIa familial hypercholesterolemia’s pathophysiology

Answer 14

Absent/ defective LDL receptors
leading to high lvl of LDL & cholesterol

Question 15

Familial dyslipidaemia
Type IV hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 15

Due to hepatic overproduction of VLDL
Leading to high lvl of VLDL and TG

Question 16

Which diet will result in weight loss and sustainable in the long term?

Answer 16

Reduced calorie diet, irrespective of macronutrient composition

Question 17

Low carb diet induces

Answer 17

Weight loss, lower triglycerides and raise HDL-cholesterol

Question 18

How to prevent weight regain after weight loss?

Answer 18

Maintain a low calorie, low fat diet and high levels of physical activity