Respiratory System (23) Flashcards

1
Q

Which structures belong to the upper respiratory system?

A

NOSE, NASAL CAVITY, & PHARYNX

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2
Q

Which structures belong to the lower respiratory system?

A

LARYNX, TRACHEA, BRONCI, BRONCHIOLES, ALVEOLAR DUCTS, ALVEOLI

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3
Q

Name the paranasal sinuses.

A

MAXILLARY, FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL, & SPHENOIDAL SINUSES

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4
Q

Where are the auditory tubules found?

A

CONNECTING THE MIDDLE EAR TO NASOPHARYNX

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5
Q

PHARYNX:

A

PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR & FOOD; CONNECTS POSTERIOR NASAL CAVITY TO ESOPHAGUS & LARYNX (COMPOSED OF NASO-, ORO-, & LARYNGOPHARYNX)

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6
Q

LARYNX:

A

PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR; VOICE BOX.

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7
Q

TRACHEA:

A

AIR CONDUCTION TUBE; CONNECTS LARYNX TO BRONCHI IN LUNGS

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8
Q

Describe the epiglottis.

A

FLAP OF ELASTIC CARTILAGE BEHIND TONGUE, IN FRONT OF ENTRANCE TO THE LARYNX. FUNCTIONS: COVERING OPENING OF LARYNX DURING SWALLOWING TO PREVENT FOOD IN AIRWAY; ALLOWING AIR TO PASS INTO LARYNX; CONTROLS VOLUME IN SPEAKING

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9
Q

BRONCHOCONSTRICTION:

A

LUMEN IS CLOSED; sympatheric nervous stimulation

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10
Q

BRONCHODILATION:

A

LUMEN IS OPEN; parasympathetic nervous stimulation

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11
Q

VISCERAL PLEURA:

A

MEMBRANE THAT TOUCHES LUNG.

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12
Q

PARIETAL PLEURA:

A

MEMBRANE THAT TOUCHES BODY WALL

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13
Q

Inspiration _____ the volume in the thoracic cavity, which _____ the pressure in the lungs.

A

increases; decreases

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14
Q

Expiration _____ the volume in the thoracic cavity, which _____ the pressure in the lungs.

A

decreases; increases

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15
Q

How many lobes does each lung have?

A

LEFT: 2 (SUPERIOR & INFERIOR). RIGHT: 3 (SUPERIOR, MIDDLE, & INFERIOR)

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16
Q

Muscles used for quiet breathing:

A

DIAPHRAGM & EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

17
Q

TIDAL VOL. (TV):

A

AMOUNT OF AIR BREATHED IN/OUT EACH BREATH DURING QUIET BREATHING; 500mL

18
Q

INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOL. (IRV):

A

AMOUNT OF AIR INHALED DURING FORCED INSPIRATION, FOLLOWING A QUIET INSPIRATION; MEASURE OF LUNG COMPLIANCE; 3100 mL

19
Q

EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOL. (ERV):

A

AMOUNT OF AIR EXHALED DURING FORCED EXPIRATION, FOLLOWING A QUIET EXPIRATION; MEASURE OF LUNG & CHEST WALL ELASTICITY; 1200 mL

20
Q

RESIDUAL VOL. (RV):

A

AMOUNT OF AIR LEFT IN LUNGS FOLLOWING FORCED EXPIRATION; 1200 mL

21
Q

What are the 3 cell types in the alveoli?

A

ALVEOLAR TYPE I & II, ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES

22
Q

ALVEOLAR TYPE I:

A

95% OF ALVEOLAR SURFACE; SIMPLE SQUAMOUS; MAKE UP ALVEOLAR EPITHELIUM.

23
Q

ALVEOLAR TYPE II:

A

CUBOIDAL EPITHELIAL; SECRETE OIL CALLED PULMONARY SURFACTANT; PREVENT COLLAPSE OF ALVEOLI

24
Q

ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES:

A

LEUKOCYTE; CAN BE FIXED OR FREE; PHAGOCYTIC TO MATERIAL IN ALVEOLI

25
Q

What are some factors that increase resistance, which decreases airflow?

A

CHANGE IN BRONCHIOLE DIAMETER, SIZE OF AIR PASSAGEWAY, & CHANGE IN COMPLIANCE

26
Q

Partial pressure differences for both oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli vs pulmonary caps.:

A

Alveoli has higher O2 (104 mmHg) and lower CO2 (40 mmHg), and will exchange w/pulmonary caps. which have less O2 (40 mmHg) and more CO2 (45 mmHg).

27
Q

Partial pressure differences for both oxygen and carbon dioxide in systemic cells vs systemic caps.:

A

Systemic cells have less O2 (40 mmHg) and more CO2 (45 mmHg), and will exchange w/systemic caps. which have more O2 (95 mmHg) and less CO2 (40 mmHg).

28
Q

What is the epithelium type?

A

CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

29
Q

What other cell is found within this epithelium and what does this cell secrete?

A

MUCIN FROM GOBLET CELLS

30
Q

What epithelium type is found in the alveoli?

A

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM