Respiratory System (23)

Question 1

Which structures belong to the upper respiratory system?

Answer 1

NOSE, NASAL CAVITY, & PHARYNX

Question 2

Which structures belong to the lower respiratory system?

Answer 2

LARYNX, TRACHEA, BRONCI, BRONCHIOLES, ALVEOLAR DUCTS, ALVEOLI

Question 3

Name the paranasal sinuses.

Answer 3

MAXILLARY, FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL, & SPHENOIDAL SINUSES

Question 4

Where are the auditory tubules found?

Answer 4

CONNECTING THE MIDDLE EAR TO NASOPHARYNX

Question 5

PHARYNX:

Answer 5

PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR & FOOD; CONNECTS POSTERIOR NASAL CAVITY TO ESOPHAGUS & LARYNX (COMPOSED OF NASO-, ORO-, & LARYNGOPHARYNX)

Question 6

LARYNX:

Answer 6

PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR; VOICE BOX.

Question 7

TRACHEA:

Answer 7

AIR CONDUCTION TUBE; CONNECTS LARYNX TO BRONCHI IN LUNGS

Question 8

Describe the epiglottis.

Answer 8

FLAP OF ELASTIC CARTILAGE BEHIND TONGUE, IN FRONT OF ENTRANCE TO THE LARYNX. FUNCTIONS: COVERING OPENING OF LARYNX DURING SWALLOWING TO PREVENT FOOD IN AIRWAY; ALLOWING AIR TO PASS INTO LARYNX; CONTROLS VOLUME IN SPEAKING

Question 9

BRONCHOCONSTRICTION:

Answer 9

LUMEN IS CLOSED; sympatheric nervous stimulation

Question 10

BRONCHODILATION:

Answer 10

LUMEN IS OPEN; parasympathetic nervous stimulation

Question 11

VISCERAL PLEURA:

Answer 11

MEMBRANE THAT TOUCHES LUNG.

Question 12

PARIETAL PLEURA:

Answer 12

MEMBRANE THAT TOUCHES BODY WALL

Question 13

Inspiration _____ the volume in the thoracic cavity, which _____ the pressure in the lungs.

Answer 13

increases; decreases

Question 14

Expiration _____ the volume in the thoracic cavity, which _____ the pressure in the lungs.

Answer 14

decreases; increases

Question 15

How many lobes does each lung have?

Answer 15

LEFT: 2 (SUPERIOR & INFERIOR). RIGHT: 3 (SUPERIOR, MIDDLE, & INFERIOR)

Question 16

Muscles used for quiet breathing:

Answer 16

DIAPHRAGM & EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

Question 17

TIDAL VOL. (TV):

Answer 17

AMOUNT OF AIR BREATHED IN/OUT EACH BREATH DURING QUIET BREATHING; 500mL

Question 18

INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOL. (IRV):

Answer 18

AMOUNT OF AIR INHALED DURING FORCED INSPIRATION, FOLLOWING A QUIET INSPIRATION; MEASURE OF LUNG COMPLIANCE; 3100 mL

Question 19

EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOL. (ERV):

Answer 19

AMOUNT OF AIR EXHALED DURING FORCED EXPIRATION, FOLLOWING A QUIET EXPIRATION; MEASURE OF LUNG & CHEST WALL ELASTICITY; 1200 mL

Question 20

RESIDUAL VOL. (RV):

Answer 20

AMOUNT OF AIR LEFT IN LUNGS FOLLOWING FORCED EXPIRATION; 1200 mL

Question 21

What are the 3 cell types in the alveoli?

Answer 21

ALVEOLAR TYPE I & II, ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES

Question 22

ALVEOLAR TYPE I:

Answer 22

95% OF ALVEOLAR SURFACE; SIMPLE SQUAMOUS; MAKE UP ALVEOLAR EPITHELIUM.

Question 23

ALVEOLAR TYPE II:

Answer 23

CUBOIDAL EPITHELIAL; SECRETE OIL CALLED PULMONARY SURFACTANT; PREVENT COLLAPSE OF ALVEOLI

Question 24

ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES:

Answer 24

LEUKOCYTE; CAN BE FIXED OR FREE; PHAGOCYTIC TO MATERIAL IN ALVEOLI

Question 25

What are some factors that increase resistance, which decreases airflow?

Answer 25

CHANGE IN BRONCHIOLE DIAMETER, SIZE OF AIR PASSAGEWAY, & CHANGE IN COMPLIANCE

Question 26

Partial pressure differences for both oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli vs pulmonary caps.:

Answer 26

Alveoli has higher O2 (104 mmHg) and lower CO2 (40 mmHg), and will exchange w/pulmonary caps. which have less O2 (40 mmHg) and more CO2 (45 mmHg).

Question 27

Partial pressure differences for both oxygen and carbon dioxide in systemic cells vs systemic caps.:

Answer 27

Systemic cells have less O2 (40 mmHg) and more CO2 (45 mmHg), and will exchange w/systemic caps. which have more O2 (95 mmHg) and less CO2 (40 mmHg).

Question 28

What is the epithelium type?

Answer 28

CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

Question 29

What other cell is found within this epithelium and what does this cell secrete?

Answer 29

MUCIN FROM GOBLET CELLS

Question 30

What epithelium type is found in the alveoli?

Answer 30

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM