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ARRT (Abdominal US) > Chapter 9 Abdominal Vasculature > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Abdominal Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

The outer wall layer of a vessel is the:

A

Tunica adventitia

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2
Q

Branches of the celiac axis:

A
  • Hepatic artery
  • Splenic artery
  • Left gastric artery
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3
Q

An aneurysm associated with infection is termed:

A

Mycotic

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4
Q

The first main visceral branch of the abdominal aorta is the:

A

Celiac artery

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5
Q

What vessel can be often noted coursing between the SMA and the abdominal aorta in the transverse scan plane?

A

Left renal vein

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6
Q

The inner wall layer of a vessel, closest to the passing blood, is the:

A

Tunica intima

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7
Q

A disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tall stature and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency is:

A

Marfan Syndrome

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8
Q

Enlargement of the IVC, with subsequent enlargement of the hepatic veins, is seen cases of:

A

Right-sided heart failure

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9
Q

____would have a pulsatile, triphasic blood flow pattern

A

hepatic veins

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10
Q

The diameter of the IVC should never exceed:

A

2.5 cm

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11
Q

The left gonadal vein drains directly into the:

A

Left renal vein

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12
Q

What vessel may attach to the splenic vein before reaching the portal confluence?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

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13
Q

What vessel travels directly anterior to the left renal artery?

A

Left renal vein

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14
Q

What abnormality would the failure of an EVAR to isolate an aneurysm from circulation most likely results in?

A

Endoleak

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15
Q

The hepatic artery should demonstrate:

A

Low-resistance flow

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16
Q

Sections of the IVC:

A

Pancreatic

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17
Q

The veins seen attaching to the IVC just below the diaphragm are the:

A

Hepatic veins

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18
Q

The aorta originates at the:

A

Left ventricle

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19
Q

The main portal vein is created by the union of the:

A

Splenic vein and SMV

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20
Q

Which vascular structure may be confused for the main pancreatic duct?

A

Splenic artery

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21
Q

The IVC terminates the:

A

Right atrium

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22
Q

Occlusion of the hepatic veins describes:

A

Budd-chiari syndrome

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23
Q

The most common shape of an AAA is:

A

Fusiform

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24
Q

What branch and its tributaries of the abdominal aorta appears as a “seagull” in the transverse plane?

A

Celiac artery

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25
Q

An AAA is present when the diameter of the abdominal aorta exceeds:

A

3CM

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26
Q

What flow pattern would the postprandial SMA yield in small bowel ischemia?

A

High resistance

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27
Q

_____would most likely yield a high-resistance flow pattern?

A

Fasting SMA

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28
Q

What should the postprandial flow pattern be within the SMA:

A

Low resistance

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29
Q

The second main branch of the abdominal aorta is the:

A

SMA

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30
Q

In the sagittal plane, you recognize a circular, anechoic vascular structure posterior to the IVC. The structure is most likely?

A

Right renal artery

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31
Q

_____shows a different flow pattern after eating?

A

SMA

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32
Q

Iliac artery aneurysms are most often associated with:

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

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33
Q

The most common splanchnic artery aneurysm are:

A
  • Splenic aneurysm
  • Hepatic aneurysm
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34
Q

_____appears as a thin, linear echo flap within the arterial lumen

A

Aortic dissection

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35
Q

_____typically produces a low-level echo pattern and tends to accumulate along the anterior and lateral walls of the aortic lumen

A

Thrombus

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36
Q

Lack of normal tapering of the aorta means?

A

True aneurysm

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37
Q

Focal dilation along the course of the aorta means?

A

True aneurysm

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38
Q

A true aneurysm is identified sonographically as a ______ greater than 3.0cm near its bifurcation point

A

Dilation of the aorta

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39
Q

The sonographic findings of the atherosclerosis include:

A
  • Luminal irregularities
  • Tortuosity
  • Vessel wall calcification
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40
Q

The main portal vein is formed at the junction of the:

A

Splenic vein and SMV

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41
Q

The three hepatic veins:

A
  • Left
  • Right
  • Middle
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42
Q

The left renal vein traverses the abdomen, coursing anteriorly to the aorta and posterior the SMA to finally enter the:

A

Lateral aspect of the IVC

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43
Q

The right renal vein is generally shorter than the left renal vein because of the:

A

Right kidney’s proximity to the IVC

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44
Q

The veins most consistently seen entering the IVC are the:

A
  • Common iliac veins
  • Renal veins
  • Hepatic veins
45
Q

The IVC is the large vessel that returns blood to the _____ from the lower limbs, pelvis, and abdomen

A

Right atrium

46
Q

At the umbilicus, the aorta bifurcates into the:

A

Left and right common iliac arteries

47
Q

The last major branch to arise from the abdominal aorta is the:

A

IMA

48
Q

The left renal artery arises from the:

A

Left lateral (posterolateral) aspect of the aorta

49
Q

The right renal artery arises from:

A

Right lateral aspect of the aorta

50
Q

The SMA originates from the:

A

Anterior surface of the aorta

51
Q

The second major aorta abdominal branch vessel is the:

A

SMA

52
Q

The celiac axis (CA) is about 1cm long before it divides into:

A

*Hepatic artery
*Left gastric artery
*Splenic artery

53
Q

The ____ is the main artery of the chest and abdomen from which all other branch vessels are derived

A

Aorta

54
Q

Blood vessels are composed of three distinct layer:

A

*Tunica intima
*Tunica media
*Tunica adventitia

55
Q

The most common findings of IVC thrombosis are:

A
  • IVC enlargement
  • Absence of flow
  • Material within the IVC lumen
56
Q

With time, thrombus will become more:

A
  • Echogenic
  • May calcify
  • Produce acoustic shadowing
57
Q

The doppler waveform of the IVC is _____ near the heart and _____ near the common iliac veins

A

*Pulsatile
*More phasic

58
Q

The right and left common iliac veins combine to form the:

A

IVC near the umbilicus, typically just right of the midline

59
Q

The right gonadal vein connects to the:

A

Anterior aspect of the IVC

60
Q

The _____are derived from the termination of the smaller venous branches within the kidney and travel to the lateral aspect of the IVC

A

Renal veins

61
Q

_____is described as the occlusion of the hepatic veins with possible coexisting occlusion of the IVC

A

Budd-chiari syndrome

62
Q

The primary function of the IVC is to bring:

A

Deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities, pelvis, and abdominal organs back the heart

63
Q

The IVC can be separated into four sections from superior to inferior:

A

*Hepatic
*Prerenal
*Renal
*Postrenal

64
Q

The IVC travels through the vena caval foramen of the diaphragm and ultimately terminates in the:

A

Right atrium of the heart

65
Q

The IVC is located:

A

Anterior to the spine and right lateral to the abdominal aorta

66
Q

The _____is the largest vein in the body

A

IVC

67
Q

A false aneurysm may also be called a:

A

Pseudoaneurysm

68
Q

Clinical findings of a pseudoaneurysm

A
  1. Recent catheterization
  2. Surgical procedure
  3. Trauma
  4. Pulsatile hematoma
69
Q

Aneurysms that measure greater than _____in diameter are more prone to rupture

A

7cm

70
Q

Sonographic findings of an aortic rupture

A
  1. Abdominal aneurysm with an adjacent hematoma
71
Q

Clinical findings of an aortic rupture

A
  1. Decreased hematocrit
  2. Hypotension
  3. Pulsatile abdominal mass
  4. Abdominal bruit
  5. Back pain
  6. Abdominal pain
  7. Lower extremity pain
72
Q

_____occurs when there is a separation of the layers of the arterial wall, predominantly disturbing the intima

A

Aortic dissection

73
Q

Sonographic findings of an aortic dissection:

A
  1. Possible AAA
  2. Intimal flap may be noted within the aortic lumen
74
Q

Clinical findings of an aortic dissection

A
  1. Intense chest pain
  2. Hypertension
  3. Abdominal pain
  4. Lower back pain
  5. Neurologic symptoms
  6. Marfan syndrome
75
Q

_____results from the failure of the graft to isolate the aneurysm from circulation resulting in flow disturbances and a propensity for aortic rupture

A

Endoleak

76
Q

The EVAR is delivered to the aorta by means of accessing the:

A

Common femoral artery under angiographic guidance

77
Q

Treatment for an AAA includes:

A

*Open surgery
*Endovascular aortic stent graft repair (EVAR)

78
Q

Sonographic findings of AAA:

A
  1. Diameter greater than 3cm
  2. Thrombus
  3. Calcifications
79
Q

Complications of an AAA include:

A
  • Distal embolism
  • Infection
  • Dissection
  • Rupture
80
Q

Sonographic findings of a pseudoaneurysm

A
  1. Perivascular hematoma containing swirling blood and has a neck connecting it to the vessel
  2. Color doppler demonstration of turbulent flow within the mass
81
Q

Clinical findings of AAA

A
  1. Pulsatile abdominal mass
  2. Abdominal bruit
  3. Back pain
  4. Abdominal pain
  5. Lower extremity pain
82
Q

The most common location of an AAA is:

A

Infrarenal

83
Q

A _____aneurysm is one that has a gradual enlargement

A

Fusiform

84
Q

The most common shape of an AAA is:

A

Fusiform

85
Q

An AAA is present when the diameter of the abdominal aorta exceeds;

A

3cm

86
Q

An aneurysm results from:

A

The weakening of the vessel wall

87
Q

The upper normal limit of the abdominal aorta just below the:

A

Diaphragm is 2.5cm in diameter

88
Q

The aorta bifurcates at or near the level of the:

A

Umbilicus

89
Q

The IMA supplies blood to the:

A

*Transverse colon
*Descending colon
*Rectum

90
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery arises from the:

A

Anterior surface of the abdominal aorta

91
Q

The gonadal arteries arise from:

A

Anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just below the renal artery level

92
Q

Normal renal arteries typically demonstrate ______ flow

A

Low-resistance

93
Q

The left renal artery originates from the left anterolateral aspect of the aorta and travels

A

Posterior to the left renal vein as it progresses to the left renal hilum

94
Q

The right renal artery originates from the right anterolateral aspect of the aorta and travels:

A

Posterior to the IVC on its way to the right renal hilum

95
Q

The third main visceral branches of the abdominal aorta are the:

A

Paired renal arteries

96
Q

The SMA supplies blood to:

A

Parts of the small intestines, some of the colon and the pancreas

97
Q

The SMA will exhibit _____ flow in the fasting patient

A

High-resistance

98
Q

The _____is located posterior to the splenic vein and pancreas and left lateral to the SMV

A

SMA

99
Q

The second main branch of the abdominal aorta is the:

A

SMA

100
Q

The hepatic artery should yield _______flow

A

Low-resistance and hepatopetal

101
Q

The proper hepatic artery enters the liver at the:

A

Porta hepatis and branches further into the right and left hepatic arteries

102
Q

_____flow should be noted within the normal splenic artery

A

Low-resistance

103
Q

_____is the first main visceral branch of the abdominal aorta and its branches supply blood to several vital abdominal organs

A

Celiac trunk

104
Q

The aorta originates at the:

A

Left ventricle of the heart

105
Q

The abnormal connection between arteries and veins is referred to as:

A

Arteriovenous fistulas

106
Q

The ____lies within the midabdomen and collects blood from the intestines and spleen

A

Portal splenic confluence

107
Q

Portal splenic confluence is located?

A

Posterior to the pancreatic neck

108
Q

The main portal vein is created by the union of the:

A

SMV and Splenic vein

109
Q

_____is used to trap emboli that could be traveling that could be traveling upstream, potentially preventing a pulmonary embolus

A

Greenfield IVC filter

ARRT (Abdominal US) (14 decks)

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