Endocrinology Flashcards

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1
Q

The most common cause of hypothyroidism.

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

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2
Q

Lab findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

A

High TSH, low T4, anti-TPO antibodies.

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3
Q

Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and ↓ TSH.

A

Graves’ disease.

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4
Q

The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome.

A

Iatrogenic corticosteroid administration. The second most common cause is Cushing’s disease.

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5
Q

A patient presents with signs of hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH.
.

A

Hypoparathyroidism

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6
Q

Stones, bones, groans, psychiatric overtones.”

A

Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia.

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7
Q

A patient complains of headache, weakness, and polyuria; examination reveals hypertension and tetany. Labs show hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.

A

1° hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia).

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8
Q

A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and a sense of panic.
.

A

Pheochromocytoma

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9
Q

Which should be used first in treating pheochromocytoma, α- or β-antagonists?

A

α-antagonists (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine).

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10
Q

A patient with a history of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine.

A

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI).

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11
Q

Treatment of central DI.

A

Administration of DDAVP and free-water restriction.

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12
Q

A postoperative patient with significant pain presents with hyponatremia and normal volume status.

A

SIADH due to stress.

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13
Q

An antidiabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis.
.

A

Metformin

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14
Q

A patient presents with weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new skin pigmentation. Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Treatment?

A

1° adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Treat with glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids.

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15
Q

Goal HbA1c for a patient with diabetes mellitus (DM).

A

< 7.0.

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16
Q

Treatment of DKA.

A

Fluids, insulin, and electrolyte repletion (eg, K+).

17
Q

Why are β-blockers contraindicated in diabetics?

A

They can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia.