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nursing informatics > Computer Software and System > Flashcards

Computer Software and System Flashcards

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1
Q

the general term applied to the collection of instructions that direct the computer’s hardware how to perform work

A

Software

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2
Q

the programs and other operating information used by a computer

A

Software

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3
Q

This is in contrast to physical hardware, from which the system is built and actually performs the work.

A

Software

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4
Q

consist of instructions communicated electronically to the hardware.

A

Software

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5
Q

Boot up the computer system; controls input, output storage; and controls the operations of the application software; consist of programs that controls the operation of the computer and its devices

A

System software

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6
Q

Provides the basic functions for computer usage and helps run the computer hardware and system

A

System Software

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7
Q

A computer cannot function without an ________

A

Operating System

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8
Q

a set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources.

A

Operating System

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9
Q

The core parts includes supervisory programs, boot loaders, shells and window systems

A

Operating System

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10
Q

In practice, it comes bundled with additional software (including application software) so that a user can
potentially do some work with a computer that only has one operating system.

A

Operating System

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11
Q

which operate or control a particular type of device that is attached to a computer.

A

Device Drivers

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12
Q

Drivers may interface with

A

-Printers
-Video adapters
-Network cards
-Sound cards
-Computer storage devices such as hard disk
-CD-ROM
-Floppy disk
-Image scanners
-Digital cameras

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13
Q

This kind of software is designed to maintain the computer

A

Utilities

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14
Q

Is the operational software embedded within a flash drive, ROM or EPROM memory chip for the operating system to identify it

A

Firmware

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15
Q

Includes the various programs that users require to perform day to day tasks

A

Application Software

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16
Q

software that uses the computer system to perform special functions or provide entertainment functions beyond the basic operation of the computer itself

A

Application software

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17
Q

What are the types of software

A
  1. System Software
  2. Application Software
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18
Q

System Software includes the following:

A

-Operating System
-Device Drivers
-Utilities

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19
Q

What are the types of application Software

A
  1. Word Processor
  2. Spreadsheet
  3. DBMS (Database Management System)
  4. Graphics
  5. Educational
  6. Games
  7. Accounting Package
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20
Q

Any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client or computer network

A

Malicious Software or Malware

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21
Q

Software that is developed to harm and disrupt computers

A

Malicious software or malware

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22
Q

Is closely associated with computer-related crimes, though some malicious programs may have been designed as practical jokes

A

Malware

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23
Q

A range of antivirus software, firewalls and other strategies are used to help protect against the introduction of malware, to help detect it if it is already present, and to recover from malware-associated malicious activity and attacks

A

Malicious Software or Malware

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24
Q

A part of the software with which you interact; it controls how data and instructions are entered and how information is presented on the screen

A

User Interface

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25
Q

Types of User Interface

A
  1. Command Line Interface
  2. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
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26
Q

You type keywords or press special keys from the keyboard to enter data and instructions

A

Command Line Interface

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27
Q

Are set of commands you use to interact with the computer

A

Command Language

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28
Q

Allows you to use menus and visual images such as icons

A

Graphical User Interface

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29
Q

Are small images that represents a program, instructions or information

A

Icon

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30
Q

The translation programs are called

A

-Assemblers
-Compilers
-Interpreters

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31
Q

Are needed to convert instructions written in English-like language into binary

A

Translation programs

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32
Q

A means of communicating with the computer

A

Programming Language

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33
Q

A set of words, symbols, and codes that enables a programmer to communicate a solution algorithm to computer.

A

Programming Language

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34
Q

Refers to how close the language is to the actual machine

A

Level

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35
Q

Machine Language and Assembly Language is in what level?

A

First Level

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36
Q

Includes high-level procedural and nonprocedural language

A

Second Level

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37
Q

A natural language

A

Third Level (fifth generation)

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38
Q

The true language of the computer

A

Machine Language

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39
Q

Consists only of binary numbers 1’s and 0’s, representing the on and off electrical impulses

A

Machine Language

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40
Q

It is far more English-like Language

A

Assembler Language

41
Q

Instructions have a one-to-one correspondence with a machine language instructions

A

Assembler Language

42
Q

What code is this?

PRINT_LOOP: CALL WRITE_CHAR INC DL LOOP

PRINT_LOOP MOV AH,4CH INT 21H;21H

A

Assembler Language Code

43
Q

Requires the programmer to specify both what the computer is to do and the procedure on how to do it.

A

Procedural Language

44
Q

Specialized application programs that require more involvement of the user in directing the program to do necessary work

A

Fourth Generation Language

45
Q

Also called natural language

A

Fifth generation language

46
Q

The user tells the machine what to do in the user’s own natural language or through use of a set of very English-like commands

A

Fifth Generation Language

47
Q

Is designed to meet the needs of a wide variety of users, not just a single user or company.

A

Package software

48
Q

it is sometimes called commercial-of-the-shelf software

A

Software Packages

49
Q

Refers to the process of writing a computer program, which is a series of instructions written in proper sequence to solve a specific problem

A

Computer Programming

50
Q

Program encompasses the program instructions and is generally written by a computer programmer

A

Computer Programming

51
Q

Steps in writing a computer program

A

-Problem definition
-Program design
-Writing the code and program documentation
-Testing
-Program documentation

52
Q

The six elements

A
  1. Interdependent parts
  2. Input to the system
  3. System processes
  4. Output of the system
  5. System control
  6. Feedback
53
Q

The most defining attribute of a system is that its parts interact to conduct
some process.

A

Interdependent parts

54
Q

Is any factor from the external environment that is taken into the system.

A

Input

55
Q

is the activity of the system. The system performs process on its inputs to procedure outputs, or create some sort of results.

A

Process

56
Q

is any product or waste produced as a result of system process.

A

Output

57
Q

refers to any component or activity that serves to prevent or correct problems or errors in the system’s input, process or output.

A

Control

58
Q

is the output from one part of a system process that serves as input to
another part of a system process

A

Feedback

59
Q

the collection and integration of various
pieces of hardware and software and the human resources that meet the data
collection, storage, processing and report generation needs of an organization.

A

Information System

60
Q

Provides managers information about their business operations.

A

Management Information System

61
Q

an organized system for managing the flow of information in an organization in a timely manner

A

Management Information System

62
Q

Have programs that support strategic planning, management control and operation support.

A

Management Information System

63
Q

refers to the policy decisions
made by the top-level team of administrators.

A

Strategic Planning

64
Q

a retrieval system that generally refers to bibliographic data, document information or literature.

A

Bibliographic Retrieval Systems

65
Q

Primarily used to store and retrieve data and not to conduct any computations per se.

A

Bibliographic Retrieval Systems

66
Q

designed to provide bibliographic data on journal articles, books, monographs and textual report.

A

Bibliographic Retrieval Systems

67
Q

A special purpose system

A

Stand-alone systems

68
Q

Developed for a single application or set of functions

A

Stand-Alone systems

69
Q

Used to process predefined transactions and produce predefined reports

A

Transaction Systems

70
Q

Designed for repeated operations using a fixed list

A

Transactions Systems

71
Q

widely used in hospital patient care
units, in surgery, and more and more
commonly, in private homes

A

Physiologic Monitoring System

72
Q

being used more frequently to measure
and monitor continuous automatic
physiologic findings such as heart rate

A

Physiologic Monitoring System

73
Q

a computer system that supports some aspects of the human decision-making
process

A

Decision support system

74
Q

It works with the user to support, but not replace, human judgment in a
decision- making situation.

A

Decision Support System

75
Q

A computer system containing the information and decision-making strategies of an expert to assist non- experts in decision-making.

A

Expert System

76
Q

designed for a user to simulate the cause and effect reasoning that a expert would use if confronted with the same situation in real live environment

A

Expert System

77
Q

a system that attempts to a model
human reasoning processes.

A

Artificial Intelligence System

78
Q

Capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures

A

Vision System

79
Q

Mechanical and computer devices that perform tedious tasks with high precision

A

Robotics

80
Q

Stores knowledge and makes inferences

A

Expert System

81
Q

a system that can understand and
process commands given in the user’s own natural, spoken language.

A

Natural Language System

82
Q

It requires the computer to understand a wide range of words, speech styles, syntax and sentence structure.

A

Natural Language System

83
Q

Sometimes called medical information system (MIS) or patient care system (PCS)

A

Hospital Information System

84
Q

It provides support for a wide variety of both administrative and clinical functions

A

Hospital Information System

85
Q

Its purpose is to manage information needed to facilitate daily hospital operations by all health care personnel

A

Hospital Information System

86
Q

can use several computer system
configurations.

A

His configurations

87
Q

The most common uses mainframe computer with hardwired terminals or workstations.

A

HIS Configurations

88
Q

Many hospitals configuration include the
dedicated ___for special purposes, such as nurse staffing, pharmacy or laboratory systems

A

IS

89
Q

Another configurations employs a LAN

A

HIS Configurations

90
Q

What are the program modules available in an HIS?

A
  1. Admission and discharge
  2. Patient tracking
  3. Finance
  4. Payroll
  5. Billing
  6. Budgeting support
  7. Inventory
  8. Management reporting programs
91
Q

These both support administrative and clinical operations.

A

Semiclinical Modules

92
Q

Monitors and sometimes controls the flow of patients in a hospital from admission to discharge

A

ADT

93
Q

Automatically prepare the midnight census and activity reports.

A

ADT

94
Q

Means that the staff can enter laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology orders online

A

ORDER-ENTRY-RESULT-REPORTING MODULE

95
Q

means that the lab, pharmacy and
radiology can enter the results into the computer system and have those results available to the nursing unit

A

Result reporting

96
Q

Also known as point-of-care system

A

POINT-OF-SERVICE (POS) SYSTEM

97
Q

Uses a hand-held or bedside PC to ensure that data are entered at the point at which they are collected.

A

POINT-OF-SERVICE (POS) SYSTEM

98
Q

Designed to save time by recording critical clinical data such as patient assessment, drug administration, vital signs.

A

POINT-OF-SERVICE (POS) SYSTEM

nursing informatics (6 decks)

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