water Flashcards

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1
Q

what makes water a polar molecule?

A
  • forms hydrogen bonds
  • charge is unevenly distributed
  • partially pos/neg regions
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2
Q

how many hydrogen bonds can water make?

A

4

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3
Q

why can water not dissolve non polar substances?

A

they have no regions of charge so cannot be attracted to water’s charges

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4
Q

how is a diagram of two water molecules drawn?

A
  • displayed formula of H2O
  • delta neg on oxygen
  • delta pos on hydrogen
  • dotted line between H and O on diff molecules
  • line labelled ‘hydrogen bond’
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5
Q

what is a ‘hydrolysis’ reaction?

A
  • bond is broken
  • by adding water
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6
Q

what is a ‘condensation’ reaction?

A
  • bond is formed
  • by removing water
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7
Q

state 6 characteristics of water

A
  • high bp
  • ice less dense
  • cohesive
  • high latent evaporation heat
  • high specific heat capacity
  • incompressible
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8
Q

how does high boiling point relate to a function?

A

function = temp control
- strong hydrogen bonds require a lot of energy to overcome
- therefore water buffers extreme temperature changes
- provides a constant living environment

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9
Q

how does ice is less dense relate to a function?

A

function = habitat
- hydrogen bonds cause molecules to spread out when frozen
- floats on surface and provides an insulation layer for organisms living in a pond

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10
Q

how does cohesion relate to a function?

A

function = transport medium
- forms hydrogen bonds with other water molecules
- can move against gravity
- allows plants to uptake water from roots e.g. through xylem
- capillary action

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11
Q

how does high latent evaporation heat relate to a function?

A

function = temp control
- lots of energy required to change state
- provides a cooling effect
- constant environemnt

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12
Q

how does high specific heat capacity relate to a function?

A

function = habitat
- water absorbs heat before its temperature changes
- maintains homeostasis
- enzyme controlled reactions are successful

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