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ART 1309 > EXAM 3 > Flashcards

EXAM 3 Flashcards

1
Q

the start of the middle ages marks the end of the ________

A

Classical World

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2
Q

when do the middle ages end?

A

at the beginning of the Renaissance

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3
Q

what time period is especially characterized by religious subject matter?

A

middle ages

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4
Q

“late antiquity” marks what transition?

A

polytheistic to monotheistic beliefs

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5
Q

what were the 3 main monotheistic religions of the time?

A

Christianity, Judaism, and Islam

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6
Q

describe deity in Jewish art

A

God the Father is not depicted in art (out of reverence)

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7
Q

describe deity in Christian art

A

do not worship idols: some sects do not include deity in art to honor the 2nd commandment

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8
Q

describe deity in Islamic art

A

Allah is not depicted in art, and there are rarely human forms in Islamic art

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9
Q

earliest christian paintings are found in the __________

A

catacombs

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10
Q

the roman empire split and the east and west ___________…

A

East: becomes byzantine; Greek Orthodox Church
West: follows the Roman Catholic Church

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11
Q

what are Icons?

A

Paintings of saints on wood which were conduits to heavenly power

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12
Q

what art form was particularly common in byzantine churches?

A

Mosaics- reflect light

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13
Q

common element used in mosaics? why/how?

A

gold. reflects light, cemented in with the mosaic- very difficult for people to steal

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14
Q

name other characteristics of the byzantine church art

A

very 2D. emphasized line rather then volume; floating figures; flat small spaces; no background- no particular time or place indicated

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15
Q

describe the manuscripts of the middle ages

A

very detailed and beautifully decorated often by monks

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16
Q

what was the purpose of pilgrimages?

A

religious devotion: travel to places where relics were kept or
Sites of important religious events

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17
Q

symbolism in medeval churches

A

pictures illustrating bible stories

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18
Q

why is this significant?

A

many common people were illiterate, they could be religiously enlightened by the pictures

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19
Q

what are the some of the main characteristics of Gothic architecture

A

Increased height
rib vaults
flying buttresses
large glass stained windows

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20
Q

how is religion/spirituality incorporated into art?

A

representations of spiritual communion (with deity or ancestors), illustration of sacred stories, or Intermediaries between people and deities

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21
Q

what religious entity required gold backgrounds for icons?

A

Greek Orthodox

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22
Q

what is paint in it’s most basic form?

A

pigment suspended in a liquid binder which dries after it has been applied

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23
Q

what is Ecaustic paint?

A

Pigment mixed in hot wax binder

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24
Q

what are Fayum portraits?

A

encaustic paintings from the Roman Egypt era (most found in Fayum Oasis)

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25
Q

Describe Tempra paint

A

pigment mixed in egg (different artists prefer different parts of the egg)

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26
Q

true or false: tempera pain is best mixed fresh for each painting

A

true

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27
Q

during the renaissance, artist used ______ as binder for tempra painting

A

yolk

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28
Q

tempra is usually applied with ____ brush strokes which lends it to

A

short; detail

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29
Q

describe fresco painting

A

pigment mixed with water applied to fresh lime=plastered surface

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30
Q

describe oil painting

A

pigment mixed in oil (linseed oil or flax seed oil)

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31
Q

what does impasto mean?

A

oil painting applied in thick portions of paint

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32
Q

what is characteristic of impasto painting?

A

you are going to have a 3D image

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33
Q

describe Acrylic paint

A

pigment mixed with acrylic polymer resin

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34
Q

Acrylic paint has only been used since the _____

A

1950’s

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35
Q

describe water color and gouache

A

pigment suspended in water with a sticky binder, usually gum arabic

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36
Q

what makes gouache different from water color?

A

an additive (usually chalk) makes the paint opaque

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37
Q

how is white implemented in to water color/ gouache?

A

that area is simply not painted on

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38
Q

true or false: there is no such thing as white water color or gouache

A

false: white gouache is used to paint over areas that have become too dark

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39
Q

how is ink painting different from ink drawing?

A

ink painting has a binder

40
Q

true or false: artists sometimes incorporate ink into their water color paintings

A

true: enhances richness of color

41
Q

_________ is one of the oldest painting techniques

A

spray paint

42
Q

what is a tag?

A

an alias name used by graffiti artists

43
Q

describe Buddhism:
teachings
practice
goal/focus

A
  • teachings of buddha
  • acceptance of difficulties
  • attain enlightment
44
Q

describe Confucianism:
teachings:
practice
goal/focus

A
  • based on the teachings of Confucius
  • self-discipline
  • ancestral worship
45
Q

describe Daoism
teachings
practice
goal/focus

A
  • teachings of Lao Zi
  • balance of opposites
  • harmony with the universe
46
Q

describe some main characteristics of hinduism

A

Reincarnation
Karma
Polytheistic

47
Q

describe some main characteristics of Islam

A

Belief in a single God (Allah)

Follow the teachings of the Koran

48
Q

describe some main characteristics of Shinto

A

Belief in Kami (spirits in nature)

Ancestral worship

49
Q

what are some defining characteristics of indian art?

A

Very detailed and elaborate decoration
Emphasis on human body
Often sensual
Suggestive of fertility

50
Q

Buddha’s remains are buried where?

A

in 8 stupas at locations significant to his life

51
Q

bodhisattva

A

one who has achieved nirvana but choose who stay and help other people

52
Q

describe some characteristics specific to chinese art

A

Reveals respect for heritage and ancestral worship
Encourages an inspired meditative state
Generally uniform, symmetrical, and precise

53
Q

name the “Three Perfections”

A

1) calligraphy
2) painting
3) poetry

54
Q

_______ should be experienced as a journey and not all at once

A

scroll paintings

55
Q

describe the chinese beliefs regarding the afterlife and death

A
  • ancestral worship
  • buried fine objects with the dead
  • believed the dead moved on to become super natural beings
56
Q

Japanese art

A

Reveals great reverence for nature
Often asymmetrical and organic
Contemplative to promote meditation

57
Q

what is the name of the japanese tea ceremony?

A

Chanoyu

58
Q

what is the purpose of Chanoyu?

A

To find peace, quiet conversation, connect with earthly elements

59
Q

describe the setting of Chanoyu

A

all natural materials, simple, colors from nature

60
Q

what is a continuers narrative?

A

when different parts of a story are shown within the same visual space

61
Q

why is print making significant to the art world?

A

in the past, the creation of art had to have been commissioned by someone of nobility/great wealth. Artists made a one of a kind piece and it had the fit the request of the commissioner.
Print making makes art more affordable. Artists can afford to make what art they want and can sell it for less to the masses- they can send messages through art and the masses can be exposed.

62
Q

japanese woodblock prints

A

Ukiyo-e

63
Q

what does Ukiyo-e mean? what is their purpose?

A

“Pictures of The Floating World”

meant to capture ordinary moments in life; based on the idea that life is fleeting

64
Q

japanese philosophy about balance in all things

A

Yin and Yang

65
Q

where did prints first appear?

A

china

66
Q

original print

A

original work of the author

67
Q

edition

A

The production of two or more identical images, signed and numbered by the artist

68
Q

what are the 3 main method of printmaking?

A

relief
intaglio
planography

69
Q

true or false: a piece is only considered original work if the author actually did the whole process (not just oversees the project)

A

false: original work if the author creates the idea and oversees production and signs it

70
Q

what is relief printmaking?

A

carving away from a block of a suitably workable material, such as wood or linoleum, a certain amount of it, to create a raised image

71
Q

describe the process of relief printmaking?

A

applies ink to the raised surface and transfers the image to paper or similar material by applying pressure in a printing press

72
Q

traditional material for relief prints- these are called

A

wood; woodcuts

73
Q

describe intaglio printmaking

A

some material is removed from block and ink is applied. Ink is then wiped away: depressions are left inked while raised parts of the block are clean (opposite of relief prints)

74
Q

engraving

A

method of intaglio printmaking. clean cut lines made into metal surface

75
Q

drypoint

A

method of engraving (intaglio): rough lines created by pulling the cutting tool through material

76
Q

etching

A

method of intaglio printmaking: plate is covered with acid-resitant coating and then artist scratches in the design; plate is immersed in acid

77
Q

aquatint

A

method of intaglio printmaking: use of acid and resistant coating- image is blurred and organic looking

78
Q

mezzotint

A

method of intaglio printmaking: whole surface is roughened and then artist creates lighter areas by smoothing parts of the image (ink applied and then wiped away from smooth areas)

79
Q

Lithography is traditionally done in __________

A

stone

80
Q

describe the process of lithography

A

An artist first draws a design, using a grease pencil or other oil-based drawing material, directly onto a piece of specially selected, cleaned, and prepared limestone

81
Q

advantage of lithography

A

stone can be wiped clean and used again

82
Q

silk screen

A

The image area of the screen is open and allows ink to pass through, while the rest of the screen is masked off

83
Q

monotypes or monoprints

A

are print techniques where the artist means to produce a unique image

84
Q

another name for lithography

A

planography

85
Q

visual communication

A

the use of symbols to communicate information and ideas

86
Q

traditional visual communication has been known as _________

A

graphic design

87
Q

who were the first to employ symbols to communicate ideas?

A

ancient Mesopotamians

88
Q

expound on the evolution of graphic design

A
  • symbols/pictures to communicate
  • form a language
  • western alphabets
  • calligraphy (alphabet+layered expressive meaning)
  • illuminated manuscripts (middle ages: pictures+writing
89
Q

Graphic design

A

the art of improving visual communication design

90
Q

typography

A

The visual form of printed letters, words, and text

91
Q

a carefully designed piece of type, called a logotype, that is unique and easily identified

A

Logos

92
Q

why are logos important?

A

recognizable even from distance, different languages, educations, or cultures

93
Q

images created to inform as well as to embellish the printed page

A

Illustration

94
Q

art of organizing type, logos, and illustrations in traditional print media

A

Layout design

95
Q

One of the main considerations in layout design is _________

A

spacing

96
Q

interactive design added to layout design

A

web design

ART 1309 (5 decks)

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