Unit: 2-How do chemical reactions shape the natural world? Flashcards

1
Q

calculation of concentration (M=molarity)

A

C=n(amount of moles) / V (volume/litres/L) [1000mL=1L]

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2
Q

if want to know n(mole) using concentration and volume

A

n=CxV

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3
Q

if we want to know the pH of the solution and want to work out the concentration of [H3O+] acid

A

[H3O+] =10^-pH
[H3O+] =10^-2
=0.01M

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4
Q

if we want to know the pH of the solution and want to work out the concentration of [OH-] base

A

example:
[H3O+] =pH=2
[H3O+] =10^-2=0.01M
step2:
[OH-]=10^-14/[H3O+]
[OH-]=10^-14/10^-2
=10^12

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5
Q

when determining the pH and a solution is diprotic or produces two OH- ions you…

A

times the molarity by two at the beginning

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6
Q

when determining the concentration and a solution is diprotic or produces two OH- ions you…

A

you divide by two at the end

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7
Q

from mL to L

A

/1000

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8
Q

formula dilutions

A

M1V1= M2V2
rearrange

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9
Q

what are amphiprotic substances?

A

substances that can act as an acid or a base

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10
Q

common acids

A

hydrochloric acid(HCl)
sulfuric acid H2SO4
Nitric acid HNO3
Phosphoric acid H3PO4
ethanoic acid CH3COOH
carbonic acid H2CO3

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11
Q

common bases

A

Sodium Hydroxide NaOH
Ammonia NH3
Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2
Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2

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12
Q

strong Vs weak

A

ability to donate or accept protons
one arrow=strong
two arrows=weak

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13
Q

strong dilute=

A

broken down/ionised (ex. HCl will be in bits of H and Cl)
however little solution/ substance

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14
Q

strong concentrated

A

broken down/ionised (ex. HCl will be in bits of H and Cl)
A lot of solution/ substance

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15
Q

weak concentrated

A

little bit broken down/ionised
A lot of solution/ substance

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16
Q

waek dilute

A

nothing broken down
little solution/ substance