Unit: 2-How do chemical reactions shape the natural world? Flashcards
calculation of concentration (M=molarity)
C=n(amount of moles) / V (volume/litres/L) [1000mL=1L]
if want to know n(mole) using concentration and volume
n=CxV
if we want to know the pH of the solution and want to work out the concentration of [H3O+] acid
[H3O+] =10^-pH
[H3O+] =10^-2
=0.01M
if we want to know the pH of the solution and want to work out the concentration of [OH-] base
example:
[H3O+] =pH=2
[H3O+] =10^-2=0.01M
step2:
[OH-]=10^-14/[H3O+]
[OH-]=10^-14/10^-2
=10^12
when determining the pH and a solution is diprotic or produces two OH- ions you…
times the molarity by two at the beginning
when determining the concentration and a solution is diprotic or produces two OH- ions you…
you divide by two at the end
from mL to L
/1000
formula dilutions
M1V1= M2V2
rearrange
what are amphiprotic substances?
substances that can act as an acid or a base
common acids
hydrochloric acid(HCl)
sulfuric acid H2SO4
Nitric acid HNO3
Phosphoric acid H3PO4
ethanoic acid CH3COOH
carbonic acid H2CO3
common bases
Sodium Hydroxide NaOH
Ammonia NH3
Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2
Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2
strong Vs weak
ability to donate or accept protons
one arrow=strong
two arrows=weak
strong dilute=
broken down/ionised (ex. HCl will be in bits of H and Cl)
however little solution/ substance
strong concentrated
broken down/ionised (ex. HCl will be in bits of H and Cl)
A lot of solution/ substance
weak concentrated
little bit broken down/ionised
A lot of solution/ substance