Chap 2 - Social Justice, Impact, and Responsibility

Question 1

fairness and equality among all people in society and encompasses issues of human rights and the distribution of resources.

Answer 1

Social Justice

Question 2

Publisher of “Our Common Future” in 1987, the UN’s World Commission on Environment and Development got its moniker from its Chairwoman, Gro Harlem Brundtland, the ex-Prime Minister of Norway.

Answer 2

Brundtland Commission s.

Question 3

This provides data about a topic or situation, which strategists and managers use to understand the world, inform decisions, and plan for actions.

Answer 3

Indicator

Question 4

business practice of focusing on activities affecting the triple bottom line interests of all stakeholders.

Answer 4

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Question 5

marketing practice of making unsubstantiated sustainability claims.

Answer 5

Greenwashing

Question 6

engaging key stakeholders in dialogue to understand their vital interests—is essential to fostering sustainable business practices.

Answer 6

Stakeholder engagement

Question 7

This refers to three functions occurring in the life cycle of a product: materials supply, manufacture, and distribution through to the final customer.

Answer 7

Supply chains

Question 8

Passed in 1972, this act protects human and environmental health from the effects of air pollution. Over the years, it has been used to cut ozone, sulfur and nitrogen dioxide in order to address acid rain, and remove lead from gasoline. In 2007, the US Supreme Court upheld the EPA’s ability to regulate GHG emissions under this legislation. This action made it possible for the US to drive clean energy efforts despite political opposition.

Answer 8

Clean Air Act (CAA)

Question 9

This EU regulation is designed to protect human and environmental health from chemical exposure. The legislation also contains provisions relating to the use of animals in research.

Answer 9

Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization & Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)

Question 10

This provides a framework for reaching sustainability goals through consistent control of operations, which includes a process for continuous improvement. In addition to offering certification under ISO 14001, ISO 14004 provides guidance for creating this. Many types of these follow the Plan > Do > Check > Act (PDCA) framework.

Answer 10

Environmental Management System (EMS)

Question 11

The term describes the compensation needed to provide for the most basic of human needs. It permits, families to live locally, based on the local cost of living.

Answer 11

Living wage

Question 12

This certification supports sustainable development among small producers and agricultural workers in the poorest countries. This type of mark is used throughout Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Fairtrade USA is the equivalent mark used in North America.

Answer 12

Fair Trade Certification (FTC)

Question 13

A business that meets this standard “is one that in no way undermines the possibility that humans and other life will flourish on Earth forever”. To organize around this goal, such businesses focus on developing practices required for tomorrow rather than meeting short-term goals or emulating the current best practices of peers. This standard defines 21 future-fit goals that address social and environmental challenges while improving business performance.

Answer 13

Future-fit Business Benchmark

Question 14

This describes the ownership of a company by a broad cross-section of employees—from rank-and-file to management—offered through a formal plan by the company.

Answer 14

Employee ownership

Question 15

Reduction strategy is used to reduce the quantity and improve the quality of materials heading to landfills.

Answer 15

Recycling

Question 16

Countries adopting this declaration are committed to providing workers freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining, the elimination of forced labor, the abolition of child labor, and the elimination of discrimination in employment and occupation

Answer 16

International Labour Organization (ILO)

Question 17

standards body that puts forth criteria for sustainability reporting, in partnership with global organizations focused on quality, environment, and economics. Their sustainability reporting framework is used by a majority of the world’s largest corporations.

Answer 17

GRI

Question 18

A certification scheme for a for-profit company whose mission aligns with creating a better society and has met the sustainability standards developed by B Lab. Their rigorous standards address social and environmental performance, accountability, and transparency. Note that, some certified companies have legally organized themselves as “benefit corporations”.

Answer 18

B corp Certification

Question 19

A term used to describe four billion people who live in poverty and have been mostly un-served or underserved by the private sector. Contrary to conventional wisdom, these people are resilient entrepreneurs and value-conscious consumers who can partner with business to eradicate poverty.

Answer 19

Bottom of the pyramid

Question 20

A term that refers to sustainable business solutions that expand access to goods, services, and livelihood opportunities for low-income communities in commercially viable ways. Going beyond philanthropy, this type of business melds development and business goals to deliver higher socio-economic value to communities.

Answer 20

Inclusive business

Question 21

This declaration defined a series of principles governing the rights of people to development, and their responsibilities of States to safeguard the common environment.

Answer 21

Rio Declaration

Question 22

The parent treaty to the Kyoto Protocol this framework convention was a major outcome of the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio. With near universal membership (197 members) the goal of the convention is “to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system”.

Answer 22

UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)