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Human Growth & Development > Etiology of Malocclusions- FINAL - Dr. Retrouvey > Flashcards

Etiology of Malocclusions- FINAL - Dr. Retrouvey Flashcards

1
Q

Predisposing factors to malocclusion include:

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Functional matrix
  3. Disturbances in embryologic development
  4. traumas
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2
Q

Primary etiological sites include:

A
  1. neuromuscular system
  2. Bone
  3. Teeth
  4. Soft tissues
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3
Q

List diseases associated with the following primary etiologic sites:

  1. neuromuscular system
  2. bone
  3. teeth
  4. soft tissues
A
  1. cerebral palsy (results in severe malocclusion)
  2. Osteogenesis imperfecta (Col1a1 and Col1a2)
  3. Ectodermic dysplasia
  4. sclerodermia
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4
Q

Disturbances in embryologic development may be due to:

A

teratogens

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5
Q

May interfere with cellular differentiation during pregnancy:

A

teratogens

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6
Q

Some examples of teratogens include:

A

alcohol, drugs, pollution, poor nutrition

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7
Q

We used to think that cleft lip and palate could be due to teratogens but the idea has shifted now to them being due to:

A

genetics

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8
Q

most common craniofacial abnormality:

A

cleft lip & palate

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9
Q

Crouzon syndromes is a type of:

A

craniosynostosis

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10
Q

Crouzon syndrome (cranosynostosis syndrome) is caused by:

A

early fusion of sutures

(lower jaw develops normal, orbits close early)

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11
Q

Crouzon is characterized by:

A
  • bulging eye
  • small maxilla
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12
Q

What is a typical treatment for crouzon syndrome:

A

distraction osteogenesis

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13
Q

Craniosynostosis (Crouzon’s syndrome) is purely a ____ disease

A

bony

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14
Q

Disease characterized by underdevelopment of the mid face & eyes that seem to bulge from their sockets:

A

crouzon’s syndrome

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15
Q

Disease characterized by underdeveloped cheek and jawbones, a prominent nose, broad mouth, and characteristically small chin with steep lower jaw angle:

A

treacher collins

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16
Q

When the maxillary and mandibular jawbones are both under developed this is considered:

A

Bimaxillary retrusion

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17
Q

In dentistry when you have syndromes, these are typically associated with:

A

hypodontia

(Exception CCD)

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18
Q

Disease characterized by:

  • delayed closure (ossification) of the space between the bones of the skull (fontanels)
  • Premature closing of coronal suture
  • Protruding jaw and protruding brow bone
  • wide nasal bridge due to increase space between the eyes
  • high arched palate or possible cleft palate
  • short stature
  • scoliosis of spine
A

cleidocranial dysplasia

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19
Q

Describe the mandible of a patient with CCD:

A

Typically a class III because of hypertrophy mandible (protrusion)

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20
Q

Dental abnormalities of CCD patient include:

A

failure to lose baby teeth and delayed or absent formation of teeth, slow eruption of secondary teeth

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21
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta, the ___ is affected

A

dentin

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22
Q

What class of malocclusion is often seen in OI patients?

A

class III malocclusion as well as posterior open bite

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23
Q
  • midline deviation
  • asymmetry: repercussion on the condyles
  • posterior open bite
  • lack of chewing capability

These are all characteristic of:

A

OI

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24
Q

Type of osteogenesis imperfecta characterized by less bone but still good bone, majority of OI patients

A

Type I

25
Q

Type of osteogenesis impercta characterized by weak bone and lots of fractures, more severe, and DI

A

type III and IV

26
Q

What is one of the most significant aspects of osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

27
Q

If one OI member of the family have DI:

A

all the other OI members of that family will have DI as well

28
Q

Discuss the prevalence of DI in the following types of OI patients:

Type 1:
Type 4:
Type 3:

A

1: 20%
4: 40-60%
3: 100%

29
Q

In what disease discussed is all of the teeth NOT affected in the same manner?

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta

30
Q

Down syndrome can be characterized with underdevelopment or hypoplasia of the mid face region meaning:

A

smaller and retrusive maxilla contributes to class III malocclusion

31
Q

Is the maxilla or mandible smaller due to Down syndrome?

A

maxilla (mandible is normal)

32
Q

The open bite in a patient with down syndrome is due to:

A

Thick tongue pushing on the teeth (not genetics)

33
Q

The condyles are considered:

A

growth sites

34
Q

Condition in which one condyle is absent creating significant malocclusion:

A

condylar dysplasia

(the muscles still all the patient to have semi-function)

35
Q

A lot of syndromic patients have significant:

A

cranial base alterations

36
Q

Position and projection of the upper and lower jaws rely on:

A

cranial base

37
Q

30% of people have ____ occlusion

A

normal occlusion

38
Q

50-55% of people have ____ occlusion

A

class I malocclusion

39
Q

15% of people have _____ occlsuion

A

class II malocclusion

40
Q

1-4% of people have ____ occlusion

A

class III malocclusion

41
Q

Malocclusion occurs in ___ dimensions

A

3

42
Q

Angle classification of occlusion is based on:

A

AP relationships

43
Q

retrognathic jaw =

A

class II

44
Q

prognathic jaw:

A

class III

45
Q

Are most class II malocclusions a result of maxillary prognathism or mandibular retrognathism?

A

mandibular retro

46
Q

40% of our class II patient are actually:

A

bimaxillary retrognathic

47
Q

Even among the same type of malocclusions, there is:

A

phenotypic diversity

48
Q

A very common type of class III malocclusion that is characterized by overjet and overbite is:

A

edge-to-edge (wears down incisors)

49
Q

prevalence of malocclusions depends on the:

A

popluation

50
Q

What percent of southeast asians display malocclusion?

A

15%

51
Q

What percent of middle easterns display malocclusion?

A

10%

52
Q

What percent of indians display malocclusion?

A

~1%

53
Q

What percent of europeans display malocclusion?

A

1-4%

54
Q

The genetics of class III malocclusions are focused on:

A

mandibular prognathisms

55
Q

Family and twin studies of genetic of class III malocclusion suggest a ____ as a primary cause of class III malocclusions

A

polygenic model

56
Q

what aspects make up the polygenic model responsible for class III malocclusion?

A

genes + environment + condylar cartilage

57
Q

What is used to determine the chromosome loci associated with the genetics responsible for class III malocclusion?

A

linkage analysis studies

58
Q

A deep bite refers to a ____ problem

A

vertical

59
Q

A unique characteristic to open bites is that sometimes you have a _____ stage in which they will resolve themselves

A

transitory

Human Growth & Development (11 decks)

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