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NAPLEX Study Time > Pharmacy Foundations 2 > Flashcards

Pharmacy Foundations 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What analysis is used to prospectively prevent med errors?

A

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)

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2
Q

What analysis is used to retrospectively prevent med errors?

A

Root cause analysis (RCA)

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3
Q

What analysis is used to continuously prevent med errors?

A

Continuous quality improvement (CQI)

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4
Q

What abbreviations should be avoided in SIGs?

A

U (for unit)
IU (for international unit)
QD, qd, qod, QOD
Trailing zeros (1.0)
Lack of leading zero (.1)
MS (morphine)
MgSO4 (mag sulfate)

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5
Q

Examples of high alert meds

A

Anesthetics
Arrhythmics
Anticoagulants
Chemo
Hypertonic NaCl
Sterile water
Insulin
Immunosuppressants
Opioids
TPNs
KCl

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6
Q

What are the 5 rights of med administration?

A

1) Right pt
2) Right time and frequency
3) Right dose
4) Right route
5) Right drug

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7
Q

Type A ADRs

A

Predictable, dose dependent, most common

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8
Q

Type B ADRs

A

Non-dose dependent, unpredictable
(ex. allergies, intolerances)

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9
Q

Type I reactions

A

IgE-mediated
Occurs within 60 mins of drug exposure
(ex. angioedema)

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10
Q

Type II reactions

A

Antibody-mediated
Occurs 5-8 days after drug exposure
(ex. thrombocytopenia)

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11
Q

Type III reactions

A

Immune-complex reactions
Occurs >1 week after drug exposure
(ex. drug induced lupus)

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12
Q

Type IV reactions

A

Cell-mediated or delayed hypersensitivity rxns
Occur 48 hours to several weeks after drug exposure
(ex. Stevens-Johnson syndrome)

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13
Q

Drugs associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

A

Clopidogrel
Sulfamethoxazole
-cyclovirs

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14
Q

Drugs associated with photosensitivity

A

Amiodarone
Diuretics
Methotrexate
Retinoids
FQ
St. Johns wort
Sulfa abx
Tacrolimus
Tetracyclines
Voriconazole

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15
Q

Drugs commonly associated with severe skin rxns

A

Abacavir
Allopurinol
Carbamazepine
Ethosuximide
Lamotrigine
Modafinil
Nevirapine
Penicillins
Phenytoin
Sulfamethoxazole

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16
Q

Where is the needle located on an Epipen?

A

Orange end

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17
Q

What drugs cannot be given with an egg allergy?

A

Propofol
Clevidipine
Yellow fever vaccine
All flu shots except Flublox and Flucelvax

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18
Q

What drugs cannot be given with a soy/peanut allergy?

A

Propofol
Clevidipine

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19
Q

Factors that favor drug distribution into tissues/across membranes

A

High lipophilicity
Low MW
Unionized
Low protein binding

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20
Q

Vd equation

A

Vd = dose given/concentration in plasma

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21
Q

Cl equation

A

Cl = rate of elimination/drug concentration
Cl = bioavailability * dose / AUC

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22
Q

ke equation

A

ke = Cl/Vd
ke = ln(c1/c2)/time

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23
Q

t1/2 equation

A

t1/2 = 0.693/ke

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24
Q

LD equation

A

LD = desired conc * Vd / bioavailabiltiy

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25
Q

Drugs affected by HLA-B*5701 genotype

A

Abacavir
(Triumeq, Epzicom)

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26
Q

Drugs affected by HLA-B*5801 genotype

A

Allopurinol

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27
Q

Drugs affected by HLA-B*1502 genotype

A

Carbamazepine
Oxcarbazepine
Phenytoin
Fosphenytoin

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28
Q

Drug affected by CYP2C19 polymorphism

A

Clopidogrel

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29
Q

Drug affected by CYP2D6 polymorphism

A

Codeine

30
Q

Drug affected by CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphism

A

Warfarin

31
Q

Drugs that require genetic testing prior to administration

A

Abacavir
Azathioprine
Carbamazepine
Cetuximab
Trastuzumab

32
Q

Supplements that increase risk of bleeding

A

Garlic
Ginger
Ginko
Ginseng
Glucosamine
Fish oils (high dose)
Vit E
Cong Quai
Willow bark

33
Q

Supplement with risk of hepatotoxicity

A

Black cohosh
Kava
Comfrey

34
Q

Supplements with risk of cardiac toxicity

A

Ephedra
Bitter orange
Yohimbe
Caffeine

35
Q

Supplements used for anxiety

A

Valerian
Passionflower
Kava
St. Johns Wort

36
Q

Supplements used for cold/flu

A

Echinacea
Zinc
Vit C

37
Q

Supplements used for dementia

A

Ginkgi
Vit E

38
Q

Supplements used for depression

A

St. Johns wort
SAMe
Valerian
5-HTP

39
Q

Supplements used for diabetes

A

Chromium
Alpha lipoic acid
Cassia cinnamon

40
Q

Supplements used for dyslipidemia

A

Red yeast rice
Fish oils

41
Q

Supplements used for energy/weight loss

A

Bitter orange
Caffeine
Green tea

42
Q

Supplements used for ED

A

Ginseng
L-arginine
Yohimbe

43
Q

Supplements used for HF

A

CoQ-10
Hawthorn (positive ionotrope)
Fish oils

44
Q

Supplements used for HTN

A

Fish oils
L-arginine
CoQ-10
Garlic

45
Q

Supplements used for inflammation

A

Fish oils
Flax seeds/oil
Turmeric

46
Q

Supplements used for insomnia/sleep

A

Melatonin
Valerian
Chamomile

47
Q

Supplements used for liver disease

A

Milk thistle

48
Q

Supplements used for menopause

A

Black cohosh
Dong quai
Evening primrose oil
Soy/red clover

49
Q

Supplements used for migraine

A

Feverfew
Butterbur
Mg
Riboflavin

50
Q

Supplements used for OA

A

Glucosamine sulfate
Chondroitin
SAMe
Turmeric

51
Q

Supplements used for prostate health

A

Saw palmetto
Lycopene

52
Q

When can charcoal be used for OD?

A

For some oral ingested drugs
Most effective if given within 1 hour of ingestion
Dose = 1 g/kg
CI w/ obstructed airway, intestinal obstruction, and decreased peristalsis

53
Q

Phases of APAP OD

A

Phase 1 (1-24 hrs) - usually asymptomatic
Phase 2 (24- 48 hrs) - hepatotoxicity evident on labs
Phase 3 (48-96 hrs) - symptoms (jaundice, hepatic failure, coagulopathy, renal failure, death)
Phase 4 (>96 hrs) - recovery or liver transplant

54
Q

Toxic metabolite of APAP

A

NAPQI

55
Q

Antidote to APAP

A

N-acetylcysteine

56
Q

Antidote to opioids

A

Naloxone

57
Q

Antidote to anticholinergics

A

Mostly supportive
Can give physostigmine

58
Q

Antidote to antipsychotics

A

Mostly supportive
Can give benztropine for symptoms

59
Q

Antidote to BZDs

A

Flumazenil

60
Q

Antidote to BB

A

glucagon

61
Q

Antidote to CCBs

A

calcium
glucagon

62
Q

Antidote to cyanide

A

hydroxocobalamin

63
Q

Antidote to digoxin

A

DigiFab

64
Q

Antidote to heavy metals

A

Dimercaprol (arsenic, gold, mercury)
Penicillamine (copper)

65
Q

Antidote to isoniazid

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

66
Q

Antidote to iron

A

deferoxamine

67
Q

Antidote to organophosphates

A

Atropine
Pralidoxime

68
Q

Antidote to salicylates

A

Sodium bicarb (increases excretion in urine)

69
Q

Antidote to TCAs

A

Sodium bicarb (decreases QRS complex to correct QT prolongation)

70
Q

Antidote to VPA or topiramate-induced hyperammonemia

A

Levocarnitine

71
Q

Symptoms of organophosphate OD

A

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diarrhea
Defecation

NAPLEX Study Time (8 decks)

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