Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium (Na+)

A

135 - 145 mEq/L
Primary extracellular ion

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2
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Causes:
Dehydration, over-diuretics, diabetes insipidus
Treatment:
Hydration, correction of underlying cause

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3
Q

Potassium (K+)

A

3.5 - 5.0 mmol/L

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4
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Causes: diuretic use, N/V/D, renal insufficiency, excessive sweating
Treatment: oral potassium (preferred) or IV drip

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5
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Causes: medications, renal failure, rhabdomyolysis
Treatment: Shift potassium into cell using insulin, bicarbonate, and albuterol

Dialysis or diuretics

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6
Q

Chloride

A

96-106 mmol/L

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7
Q

HCO3/CO2

A

22-28 mEq/L

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8
Q

Anion Gap

A

8 - 12 mEq/L

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9
Q

Indicator of acidosis

A

Glycols
-Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol
Oxoproline
- toxic metabolite of acetaminophen
L-Lactate
-Lactic acid
D-Lactate
-Exogenous lactic acid caused my gut bacteria
Methanol
-Inclusive of all alcohols
Aspirin
-Salicylates
Renal Failure
-Uremic acidosis
Ketones
-Diabetic, starvation, alcoholic

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10
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

8 - 23 mg/dL
Causes of elevated levels: dehydration, rhabdo, AKI, renal failure, upper GI bleed
Treatment: hydration, dialysis, correct underlying issue

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11
Q

Creatinine

A

0.5-1.2 mg/dL
Elevated levels: AKI, CKD, rhabdo

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12
Q

Calcium

A

8.5-10 mg/dL

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13
Q

Causes of hypercalcemia

A

Excessive antacid use
Endocrine disorder
Cancer

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14
Q

Causes of hypocalcemia

A

Increased calcium loss, pancreatitis, endocrine disorders, sepsis, rapid RBC admin

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15
Q

Magnesium

A

1.3-2.1 mg/dL

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16
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Female: 12-15 g/dL
Male: 14-17 g/dL

17
Q

Hematocrit

A

Female: 36-45%
Male: 42-51%

18
Q

1 PRBC

A

^1 point in hemoglobin and 3% hematocrit

19
Q

White blood cell count

A

5,000-10,000

20
Q

Leukocytosis

A

High white blood count

Causes: stress, infection, trauma, extreme exercise, cancer

21
Q

Leukocytopenia

A

Low level white blood cells

Causes: compromised immune system, cancer, sepsis

22
Q

Platelets

A

150,000-400,000

23
Q

Thrombocythemia

A

High platelet count

PE, acute bleeding, metastatic cancer

24
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Low number of platelets

DIC, cancer/leukemia, sickle cell, lupus, liver failure

25
Q

International Normalized Ratio

A

0.8-1.2
INR >5 is critical, severe risk of bleeding

26
Q

Prothrombin Time

A

Measures how long to clot
10-13 sec

27
Q

Reversing anticoagulants

A

Warfarin/Coumadin: Vitamin K
Heparin/Levonox: Protamine sulfate
Eliquis/Xarelto: Kcentra or Andexanet

28
Q

AST/ALT

A

AST: 8-48 ALT: 7-55
High levels = poor liver function

29
Q

Ammonia

A

15-45 u/dL

30
Q

Bilirubin

A

<1.2 mg/dL
Byproduct of RBC breakdown

31
Q

Alkaline Phosphate

A

30-120

32
Q

Amylase and Lipase

A

Amylase: 30-100 U/L
Lipase: 30-180

Pancreatitis

33
Q

Lactate

A

<2 mmol/L

34
Q

Troponin

A

Troponin I: <0.4 ng/mL
Troponin T <0.1 ng/mL

35
Q

Creatine Kinase

A

40-150 U/L