Endocrine Flashcards
What is Hashimoto Disease?
Hashimoto’s disease is anautoimmune disorderthat can causehypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid –sometimes resulting in a goiter
What are the symptoms of Hashimoto Disease?
Fatigue, sluggish
puffy face
pale dry skin
constipation
How do you diagnose Hashimoto disease?
Lab value TPO
what are the causes of Hyperthyroidism?
- Graves Disease
- Thyroid Nodule
- Thyroiditis
What is the treatment for Hyperthyroidism?
- Methimazole/Propylthiouracil
- Beta Blockers
- Radioactive Iodine
- Surgery
What is Graves Disease?
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune complication that causes the thyroid gland to produce way too much thyroid hormone causing near fatal consequences if not treatedGraves’ disease is often the underlying cause of hyperthyroidism.
In what condition do you see puffy eyes, exopthalmos?
Graves Disease, an autoimmune condition that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone
What are the risk factors for diabetes (american)
family with diabetes
45 or older
ethnicity
stress
Sleeping too little/too much
smoking
What are the american values for diagnosing diabetes?
- A1c
- Fasting plasma Glucose
- Oral Glucose Tolerance test
- 6.5%
- greater than 126 (fasting plasma glucose)
- Oral glucose test greater than 200
When would you consider starting insulin in patients who have type 2 diabetes?
Start when the A1C is 9% or in the double digits
What is metabolic syndrome, and what criteria must be met
you need three of the following:
- Large waist circumference
- Low HLD
- HTN
4, Elevated fasting blood sugar
What are the three problems caused by pituitary tumors?
- Hypersecretion of a hormone
- Hyposecretion of a hormone
- Tumor mass effects: as a pituitary tumor grows and presses against the pituitary gland it can cause headaches, vision changes, or other health effects
What are three examples of pituitary tumors that result in hormonal over production?
- Acromegaly (excess growth hormone)
- Cushing Disease (excess adrenocorticotropic hormone)
- Galactorrhea (excess prolactin)
What are the symptoms of Growth Hormone Deficiency?
Children:Growth delay
Adults: Decreased muscle mass, increased body fat, elevated cholesterol, low bone density (osteoporosis), impaired psychological well-being
Treatment Human Growth Hormone
What are the symptoms of LH/FSH deficiency
Decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, irregular or absent menses, decreased body hair, decreased muscle strength, hot flashes, mood changes
Treatment: testosterone for men, estrogen/progesterone women
What are the symptom of adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency
low appetite
nausea
weakness
low blood sugar
low blood pressure
dizziness
bodyaches
treated with hydrocortisone or prednisone
What does the adrenocorticotropic hormone do?
It regulates cortisol
Cortisol is released by the adrenal gland and it regulates:
blood pressure
blood sugar, the immune system, and the response to stress.