Chemistry Lesson Week 1

Question 1

What are the three elements of atoms

Answer 1

sub-atomic particles:

protons - positive and found in nucleus.

electrons - negative charge and found in shells or orbits.

equal ^

neutrons - no charge and found in nucleus.

Question 2

What is an element

Answer 2

substance that is made of only one type of atom.

e.g. oxygen O2

Question 3

What does the atomic mass tell you

Answer 3

total number of protons and neutrons

Question 4

What does the atomic number tell you

Answer 4

number of protons

Question 5

What is the outer most shell called in an atom

Answer 5

valence shell which contain valence electrons

Question 6

How many electrons can the first shell hold

Answer 6

2 electrons

Question 7

Are all atoms in an element the same

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is a similarity about protons and electrons?

Answer 8

They have the same number

Question 9

What do elements form

Answer 9

compounds

Question 10

What are ions

Answer 10

The leftover from the formation of an ionic bond

Question 11

What is an ionic bond

Answer 11

The force of attraction of cations (positive) and anions (negative).

Question 12

What are positively and negatively charged ions called?

Answer 12

Postive - cations

Negative - anions

Question 13

What are the two types of compounds

Answer 13

organic - contains elements carbon and hydrogen.
e.g. lipid

inorganic - compounds not made by living things.

Question 14

What is a molecule

Answer 14

two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds

Question 15

what is a compound

Question 16

what are the single atoms (noble gases)

Answer 16

helium

neon

argon

Question 17

What happens when an atom loose and gains an electron

Answer 17

Looses - it becomes positively charged (cations)

Gains - it becomes negatively charged (anions)

Question 18

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 18

formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom which forms charged particles.

Question 19

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 19

when two atoms share a pair of valence electrons.

Question 20

What is the respiration reaction?

Answer 20

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy)

Question 21

What are amino acids

Answer 21

what proteins are made from

Question 22

What is an enzyme

Answer 22

proteins which cause a catalyst for biochemical reactions

Question 23

What are some factors which affect enzymes

Answer 23

temperature.
high (permanent change and denature)

pH

Question 24

What is an inhibitor

Answer 24

a substance which reduces or stops the activity of an enzyme by blocking the entrance site.

Question 25

what is a substrate

Answer 25

reacting molecule that binds to the enzyme

Question 26

What is an active site

Answer 26

the area where the molecule binds

Question 27

what is a competitive enzyme

Answer 27

one which competes with the substrate for the active site.

Question 28

What is a breakdown

Answer 28

the degeneration of a larger molecule into small parts

Question 29

What is building up

Answer 29

The synthesis of smaller molecules into bigger ones

Question 30

What is the product of Amylase

Answer 30

sugar

Question 31

Acids have a pH lower than 7, the lower the number the ____ the acid?

Answer 31

stronger

Question 32

What does the pH scale measure?

Answer 32

the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 33

What are the pH’s for acids on the scale?

Answer 33

1 to 6

Question 34

What is the pH’s for Bases on the scale?

Answer 34

8 to 14

Question 35

What is the ph/s of a neutral solution?

Answer 35

7

Question 36

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions

Answer 36

lowering the activation energy of the reaction

Question 37

what are electrons, protons and neutrons called?

Answer 37

subatomic particles

Question 38

buffer systems

Question 39

lysosome