Week 4 - Filesystem Types Flashcards
What are the recommended default file systems for W/L?
NTFS for Windows
ext4 for Linux
What file system supports reading and writing to all 3 major OS?
FAT 32
What’s the downside of FAT 32? 2
Files can’t be larger than 4GB
File system can’t be larger than 32 GB
What file system is the successor of FAT 32? What does it stand for?
exFAT
Extensible File Allocation Table
What does FAT stand for?
File allocation table
What does ASCII stand for?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
What does GPT stand for?
GUID partition table
What does GUID stand for?
Globally Unique Identifier
What does MBR stand for?
Master Boot Record
What is a partition?
a piece of a disk you can manage
A storage disk can be divided into _____
partitions
Why would someone want to have 2 partitions on their disk?
For different OS
Can you add different filesystems on different partitions of a disk?
Yes
When you format a filesystem on a partition, it becomes a ____
volume
What is a partition table? What are 2 things a table would tell you?
A partition table tells the OS how a disk is partitioned
- How much disk space is allocated on that partition
- Which partitions you can boot from
What are the 2 main partition table schemes? L/W
MBR - Master Boot Record
GPT - GUID Partition Table
What are the 3 main characteristics of an MBR partition table?
MBR table:
1. 2TB max volume size
2. 4 primary partitions allowed
3. Uses Primary > Extended > Logical partitions
What are the 3 characteristics of a GPT?
GPT:
1. >2TB volume size
2. 1 single type of partition
3. Unlimited partitions
What partition table does the disk need to use to boot UEFI?
GUID partition table
What is the disk management utility? W
a great Windows native tool for disk partitioning
How to get to the disk management utility via GUI? W
Right Click “This PC” > Manage > Disk Management under Storage group
In disk partitioning, what is allocation unit size? KNIFE
The size of the chunks the partition will be chopped into
(small files = small chunks, large files = large blocks)
What’s the difference between quick and full format for disk partitioning?
A full format is when Windows will search for any errors or bad sectors and takes a little longer
What are the 8 steps to partition/reformat a disk on Windows?
- Diskpart
- list disk
- select disk 1
- clean
- create partition primary
- select partition 1
- active
- format FS=NTFS label=my-usb-drive
_____ is a disk partitioning utility on the Windows operating system
Diskpart
What are the 3 main divisions of storage you’ll find on a drive?
- Cluster (allocation unit size) - minimum size a file can take up (size chunks)
- Volume - single file system in a single storage area (can be multi-disk)
- Partition - creates unique spaces on the hard disk
What is a cluster?
the minimum amount of space a file can take up in a volume or drive
What does it mean to mount something?
To make it accessible to the computer
What command do you use to partition a disk on Linux?
parted
(fdisk)
How do you see what disks are connected to a computer using Linux?
sudo parted -l
How do you select the /dev/sdb USB drive to start the partition? This also enters interactive mode
sudo parted /dev/sdb
enters interactive mode
How do you get out of interactive mode in parted?
quit
How do you set a disc label while partitioning on Linux?
mklabel (partition table name)
In Interactive Mode, how do you see disk information on Linux?
What 4 things does mkpart need to know?
- what type of partition we want
- what type of file system we want to format
- the start of the disk
- the end of the disk
What are the 8 steps to partition and format a FS on Linux? (Not mounted yet)
(sudo parted -l to see disks available)
- sudo parted /dev/sda
- mklabel (partition table we want)
- mkpart primary ext4 1MiB 5GiB (partition disk in 2)
- quit
- sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1 to format partition with FS
- sudo parted -l
In Linux, how do we select the partition table we want in interactive mode?
mklabel (partition table)
In Linux, how do we partition a disk that’s already been assigned a partition table in interactive mode?
mkpart (partitiontype) (FS) (Start) (End)
In Linux, how do we format a filesystem on a disk that’s already been partitioned?
Out of interactive mode:
sudo mkfs -t (FS type) /dev/sda1
How do you unmount a filesystem in Linux?
sudo umount (directory name)
or
sudo umount /dev/(name)
What is UUID?
Universally unique ID
unique device IDs
What command shows us the UUID of block devices on Linux?
sudo blkid
What does the /etc/fstab directory show? 3
- UUIDs list of unique device IDs
- mount points
- what type of file system they are
What happens to the mount point we used to mount a file system to a directory when we turn off the computer?
it disappears (we have the option to permanently mount a disk though)
What command is used to mount/unmount file systems in Linux? Manually and Automatically
Unmount Manually:
sudo umount directory
sudo umount /dev/sdb1
Mount/Unmount automatically:
fstab
What is a mount point? Linux
The location in a file system table (fstab) where you connect a physical storage device to
What is mounting?
When you connect a physical storage device to a location
What does fstab mean? Linux
File system table
used to mount/unmount file systems (automation)
What are the 6 columns of the file system configuration table (fstab) for the automation of mounting/unmounting devices? Linux
- Device - UUID or name of device (sda1,etc)
- Mount Point - directory location
- File system type
- Options - mounting options separated by a comma
- Backup operation/dump - outdated, not used (1 backups on, 0 backups off)
- File system check (fsck) order or Pass - order mounted device to be checked (0 no fs check, 1 mounted device is root file system check first, 2 device is partition check after root)
What are the different options for the file system check/Pass when automating mounting/unmounting devices? 3
0 = no file system check
1 = mounted device is a root file system check first
2 = mounted device is a partition check after the root file system
Command to check fstab manual page for the file system in use? Linux
man fstab
As an IT pro, what do you do when you install a new hard drive but the Linux server does not seem to recognize the drive? 5
Linux has detected the new hardware but doesn’t know how to display info about the drive
IT will need to add an entry in the fstab table so that Linux will know how to mount it and display its entry within the fs
- format the drive (fdisk) and/or create a partition same command
- find which block devices (storage device registered as a file in /dev) Linux assigned to the new drive (lsblk)
- use gedit to open fstab file
- add new fs partition
- reboot the computer and check the (/mnt/mystorage) directory for the new partition