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Course 3 - Operating Systems and You > Week 1 - Intro to Operating Systems - basic commands > Flashcards

Week 1 - Intro to Operating Systems - basic commands Flashcards

1
Q

What are paths?

A

Paths are locations of files and directories

which path to take…. hmm…

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2
Q

What are file systems? 3

A

File systems are the organization of files and directories, keep track of files, and are assigned to a drive letter

cabinet of files….each cabinet is a drive letter…

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3
Q

What are root directories? What does it look like?

A

A root directory is the parent for all other directories in the file system

root….tree roots…to branches…

‘C:'

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4
Q

What are subdirectories separated by?

A

Subdirectories are separated by a backward slash \

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5
Q

What are Linux subdirectories separated by?

A

Linux subdirectories are separated by a forward slash /

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6
Q

Which feature tracks disk consumption more accurately?

A

Disk Quotas

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7
Q

What is ‘size on a disk’?

A

An estimate of a compressed file or size of the file minus parts that were taken away

If neither of those, then it’s the size reported by the FindFirstFile function rounded up

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8
Q

What’s the difference between command prompt and PowerShell?

A

PowerShell does what command prompt can but can do much more

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9
Q

What is the list directory command we used in PowerShell?
What’s a parameter you can add to the end of the line?

A

ls

ls C:\

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10
Q

What’s a parameter?

A

a value you can add to a command

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11
Q

The C drive root folder is called a ______ and the contents inside are considered a ________

A

C Drive root folder is a parent directory and contents inside are the child directories

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12
Q

Which child directory contains most of the applications and programs installed on Windows?

A

Program Files (x86)

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13
Q

What command do we use to see a description of the ls command on windows? How do you get a more detailed version?

A

Get-Help ls

Get-Help ls -full

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14
Q

What command do you use to see all the hidden files in a drive? Windows

A

ls -Force C:\

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15
Q

What directory is the main directory in a Linux filesystem?

A

Root directory

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16
Q

What is a flag? Linux Is there an equivalent in Windows?

A

A flag lets us customize a command with a specific action

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17
Q

How do you use a flag? Linux

A

A flag is used as a hyphen and then the flag command

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18
Q

What flag lets you view what options are available for a command? Linux

A

–help

(two hyphens)

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19
Q

What command in linux lets us see manual pages for commands we can use?

A

man

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20
Q

Flags always contain ____

A

at least 1 hyphen in front

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21
Q

What linux command allows us to view information in a long list format?

A

-l

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22
Q

Can you combine 2 flags together? How would that look like?

A

Yes
-l -a = -la

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23
Q

What does the order of a flag determine?

A

The order of flags determines what order it goes in

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24
Q

How do you hide a file or directory in Linux?

A

put a dot at the beginning of the file

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25
Q

Do flags in Linux go before or after a command?

A

Flags go after the main command

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26
Q

What are the 2 different types of paths? Windows

A
  1. Relative
  2. Absolute
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27
Q

Describe the 2 different types of paths, how are they different? Windows

A
  1. Absolute - path starts from the main directory
  2. Relative - path starts from the current directory
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28
Q

What windows command tells you what directory you’re in?

A

pwd

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29
Q

What does the pwd command stand for? windows

A

Print Working Directory

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30
Q

what command allows us to change the directory we’re in? windows

A

cd

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31
Q

to use the change directory command, what else do we need to specify?

A

the path/directory we want to change to

32
Q

What does an absolute path look like? windows

A

C:\user\vanes\documents

full path name

33
Q

What does a relative path look like? windows (Explain in more detail)

A

a relative path consists of directories that are relative to our location (close proximity)

34
Q

What’s the windows shortcut to go up one directory level?

A

cd ..

35
Q

What does a Windows relative path shortcut look like?

A

cd ..\directory
cd .\inthesamedirectory

36
Q

How do you use the windows relative path shortcut to get to the >home directory<?

A

cd ~

cd ~\Desktop

37
Q

What’s the name for this ~ symbol?

A

tilde

38
Q

Explain what tab completion is?

A

tab lets us autocomplete file names and directories

39
Q

What does seeing a dot in front of a file name mean?

A

means it’s the current directory

40
Q

What’s the Windows command to make a new directory?

A

mkdir

41
Q

How do you substitute spaces when creating a new directory file name? 3

A
  1. underscore
  2. single quote around file name
  3. Back tick after each file name word
42
Q

What’s the escaping character for PowerShell?

A

back tick

43
Q

What’s the escaping character for Linux?

A

back slash

44
Q

What’s the command to see a list of commands entered earlier?

A

history

45
Q

How do you scroll to a previous command generated from the history command?

A

arrow keys

46
Q

What’s the command shortcut to search through your history of commands?

A

ctrl + r

47
Q

What’s the command to clear the screen when it’s too messy with prompts?

A

clear

48
Q

What’s the command to copy a file? What else does it need? w

A

cp

cp (file name and extension) (path to copy to)

49
Q

What’s a wildcard? w

A

tells the computer to select multiple items (files) with similar patterns by using a character (like an asterisk)

like all *.pdfs, all *.jpgs

50
Q

How would you copy multiple files of the same type to another location? What does it look like? w

A

cp *.jpeg ~\filelocationtocopyto

51
Q

How would you copy a directory and its contents? Windows

A

cp ‘Folder Name’ C:\Root\Sub\Sub -Recurse -Verbose

52
Q

How would you copy a directory and contents in linux?

A

cp -r ‘directory name’ (location)

53
Q

What command to rename a file?

A

mv

Example for Windows:

mv .\FileToBeRenamed newfilename

(.\ as file is in the same directory and keeping it there)

54
Q

How do you keep the file you’re renaming in the same directory (not moving it)?

A

mv .\filename renamedfile

(Windows)

55
Q

How do you move multiple files? w

A

With a wildcard asterisk to target “patterns”

56
Q

How do you view a directory and then move a file from that directory?

A

cd to switch to desired directory cd .\foldername
ls to view files in directory
mv

57
Q

What would the command look like to move a document.txt into the documents directory from the desktop on Linux?

A

mv ‘document.txt’ ~/Documents

(works without single quotes too)

58
Q

What’s the command to remove a file/directory?

A

rm or remove

59
Q

What flag do you insert to bypass the PowerShell warning before deleting a directory that holds system or regular directory files? 2

A

-Force for system files
-Recursive for regular directories

60
Q

How do you remove a directory in Linux with a space in the folder name?

A

rm -r My\ TextFile

61
Q

What are the escaped commands for Windows and Linux? (spaces for files)

A

Linux backslash \
Windows back tick `

62
Q

What are the 6 main directory types in Linux?

A
  1. /bin - essential binaries (commands, programs, like ProgramFiles Windows)
  2. /etc - stores important system configuration files
  3. /home - personal directory (pictures, desktop, documents, etc)
  4. /proc - info about currently running processes
  5. /user - user directory for user-installed software
  6. /bar - stores system logs and any file that constantly changes
63
Q

A parameter is to Windows as ____ is to Linux

A

a flag

64
Q

How do you hide a file in Linux?

A

prepend a dot at the beginning of the filename

65
Q

What does a relative path command to go up one level look like?

A

it will take you up one level relative to where you are

cd ..

66
Q

You’re in vanes\Documents, you want to get to the Desktop which is up one level. What command can you use instead of cd.. then cd Desktop?
Windows

A

cd ..\Desktop
or
cd ~\Desktop

67
Q

What is the shortcut for the path to your home directory on Windows?

A

cd ~\filepath

For example:

cd ~\Desktop
no matter how far you are from home directory

68
Q

PowerShell doesn’t understand ___

A

spaces

69
Q

What’s the escaping character used for Windows and Linux?

A

Windows = back tick `
Linux = backslash \

70
Q

What’s a shortcut to change directories to another directory in the current directory? Windows

A

cd .\directoryincurrentdirectoryname

71
Q

What’s the recursive flag for Linux?

A

-r

72
Q

When copying a file or directory what needs to go around the filename if you get an error?

A

single quotes (when copying, moving a directory) if copying/moving it without quotes doesn’t work

73
Q

What’s a shortcut when renaming a file to keep it in the same directory? It also indicates that the file name we want to change is in the same directory.

Windows

A

mv .\bluefile.txt yellowfile.txt

(blue being renamed to yellow but staying in the same directory and also indicating that the file name we want to change is in the same directory)

74
Q

How do you move multiple files?

A
  • asterisk wildcard character
75
Q

On Windows, how do you remove an entire directory?

A

rm ~\foldername -recursive

76
Q

On Windows, how do you remove a file and bypass not having permission to remove it?

A

-Force parameter

rm C:\Users\vanes\important_system_file -Force

Course 3 - Operating Systems and You (13 decks)

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