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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

In ancient times holes were cut in an ill person’s head to let out evil spirits in a process called

A

TREPHINATION

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2
Q

Believed that mental illness came from an imbalance in the body’s four humors

A

HIPPOCRATES

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3
Q

In the Middle Ages, the mentally ill were labeled as

A

WITCHES

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4
Q

The study of abnormal behavior

A

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

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5
Q

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm others, or harms their ability to function in daily life

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER

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6
Q

Psychologists often classify behavior as abnormal using 4 D’s:

A

DEVIANCE, DISTRESS, DYSFUNCTION, DANGER

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7
Q

The social or environmental setting of a person’s behavior

A

SITUATIONAL CONTEXT

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8
Q

Emotional distress or discomfort

A

SUBJECTIVE DISCOMFORT

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9
Q

Anything that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life

A

MALADAPTIVE THINKING OR BEHAVIOR

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10
Q

according to this model psychological disorders
have biological or medical causes

A

BIOLOGICAL MODEL

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11
Q

according to this theorist abnormal behavior stems from repressed conflicts and urges that are fighting to become conscious

A

PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORISTS

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12
Q

According to this perspective abnormal behavior is learned

A

BEHAVIORISTS

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13
Q

According to this theorist abnormal behavior comes from irrational beliefs and illogical patterns of thought

A

COGNITIVE THEORIST

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14
Q

According to this perspective abnormal behavior is the product of family, social, and cultural influences

A

SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

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15
Q

The need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place

A

CULTURAL RELATIVITY

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16
Q

Disorders found only in particular cultures

A

CULTURAL BOUND SYNDROMES

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17
Q

Incorporates biology, psychology, and culture into a single explanation of abnormal behavior

A

BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL

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18
Q

Manual of psychological disorders and their symptoms

A

DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL (DSM-5-TR)

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19
Q

An international resource published by the World Health Organization (WHO)

A

INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES (ICD)

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20
Q

The DSM-5 describes about ___ different psychological disorders and updated ____ mental disorders in DSM-5-TR

A

250 AND 70

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21
Q

PROS OF Labeling Disorders

A

provide a common language to professionals
– establish distinct categories of diagnosis for treatment and understanding

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22
Q

CONS OF Labeling Disorders

A

overly prejudicial
– “psychology student’s syndrome”

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23
Q

The main symptom is excessive or unrealistic worry and fearfulness

A

ANXIETY DISORDERS

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24
Q

Anxiety that is unrelated to any realistic, known source

A

FREE-FLOATING ANXIETY

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25
Q

An irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity

A

PHOBIA

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26
Q

Fear of interacting with others or being in social situations that might lead to a negative evaluation

A

Social phobia (social anxiety disorder):

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27
Q

Fear of objects or specific situations or events

A

SPECIFIC PHOBIA

28
Q

Fear of being in a small, enclosed space

A

CLAUSTROPHOBIA

29
Q

Fear of heights

A

ACROPHOBIA

30
Q

Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible

A

AGORAPHOBIA

31
Q

Panic attacks occur frequently enough to cause the person difficulty in adjusting to daily life

A

PANIC DISORDER

32
Q

Sudden onset of intense panic in which multiple physical symptoms of stress occur, often with feelings that one is dying

A

PANIC ATTACK

33
Q

Intruding, recurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing a repetitive, ritualistic behavior (compulsion)

A

OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER

34
Q

Disorder resulting from exposure to a major, traumatic stressor

A

ACUTE STRESS DISORDER

35
Q

The symptoms associated with ASD last for more than one month

A

POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

36
Q

symptoms of ______may not develop until
more than 6 months after a traumatic event

A

PTSD

37
Q

Symptoms include anxiety, dissociation, recurring nightmares, sleep disturbances, problems in concentration, and moments in which people seem to relive the event in dreams and flashback

A

ACUTE STRESS DISORDER

38
Q

Excessive anxieties and worries occur more days than not for at least 6 months

A

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

39
Q

Irrational thinking:

A

MAGINIFCATION
ALL OR NOTHING THINKING
MINIMIZATION
OVERGENERALIZATION

40
Q

in psychological terms, emotion or
mood

A

AFFECT

41
Q

Disorders in which mood is severely disturbed

A

MOOD DISORDERS

42
Q

Severely depressed mood that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause
▪ may include thoughts of death or suicide
▪ most common of diagnosed disorders of mood

A

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

43
Q

A mood disorder caused by the body’s reaction to low levels of sunlight in the winter months

A

SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER (SAD)

44
Q

A period of excessive excitement, energy, and elation or irritability

A

MANIC EPISODE

45
Q

Periods of mood that may range from normal to manic, with or without episodes of depression (bipolar I disorder), or spans of normal mood interspersed with episodes of major depression and episodes of hypomania (bipolar II disorder)

A

bipolar disorder

46
Q

A condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that their body weight is significantly low, or less than minimally expected

A

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

47
Q

A condition in which a person develops a cycle of “binging,” or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain

A

BULIMIA NERVOSA

48
Q

Disorders in which there is a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination

A

DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER

49
Q

Loss of memory for personal information, either partial or complete

A

DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA

50
Q

Traveling away from familiar surroundings with amnesia for the trip and possible amnesia for personal information

A

DISSOCIATIVE PUGUE

51
Q

Disorder occurring when a person seems to have two or more distinct personalities within one body

A

DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER

52
Q

Dissociative disorder in which sufferers feel detached and disconnected from themselves, their bodies, and their surroundings

A

DEPERSONALIZATION/DEREALIZATION

53
Q

Severe disorder in which the person suffers from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations, and is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality

A

SCHIZOPHRENIA

54
Q

The break away from an ability to perceive what is real and what is fantasy

A

PSYCHOTIC

55
Q

False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness

A

DELUSIONS

56
Q

TYPES OF DELUSIONS

A
  • delusions of persecution
    – delusions of reference
    – delusions of influence
    – delusions of grandeur (or grandiose delusions)
57
Q

False sensory perceptions, such as hearing voices that do not really exist

A

HALLUCINATIONS

58
Q

A lack of emotional responsiveness

A

FLAT AFFECT

59
Q

Either wildly excessive movement or total lack thereof

A

CATATONIA

60
Q

Excesses of behavior or occur in addition to normal behavior
– hallucinations, delusions, and distorted thinking

A

POSITIVE SYMPTOMS

61
Q

Less-than-normal behavior or an absence of normal behavior
– poor attention, flat affect, and poor speech production

A

NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS

62
Q

Biological explanations of ___________focus on dopamine, structural defects in the brain, inflammation, and genetic influences

A

SCHIZOPHRENIA

63
Q

Assumes a biological sensitivity, or vulnerability, to a certain disorder that will develop under the right conditions of environmental or emotional stress

A

STRESS VULNERABILITY DISORDER

64
Q

A disorder in which a person adopts a persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions

A

PERSONALITY DISORDER

65
Q

A person has no morals or conscience and often behaves in an impulsive manner without regard for the consequences of that behavior

A

ANTISOCIAL PERSONALTY DISORDER

66
Q

Maladaptive personality pattern in which the person is moody and unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others

A

BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER

INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY (8 decks)

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