Renal Flashcards
What organ produced Erythropoietin and what does it do?
The Kidneys
stimulates bone marrow into producing more RBCs
How is water reabsorbed back to the body?
By antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone
What does it mean if there are large amounts of epithelial cells in a urinalysis
contamination
If you see more than 10 WBC/uL in a urinalysis what does this mean?
For males it indicates an infection
for females it MIGHT mean infection
this is known as pyuria (Leukocytes in the urine)
What amount of bacteria in a culture would indicate infection vs. bacteriuria?
MORE than 10 CFU/ml indicated infection
anything less than that in a culture would just mean there is bacteria in the urine (bacteriuria)
What does it mean if you see RBC in a urinalysis?
Kidney stones or UTI
What patients are considered complicated UTI and must be treated for 7 days,and should have culture before and after treatment>
diabetics
pregnant women
children
elderly
HIV positive
one kidney
Where are the adrenal glands located and what are their purpose?
They are located ontop of the kidneys
- Adrenal cortex (outer layer)
- Adrenal medulla (inner)
What hormones are produced by the Adrenal cortex
Adrenal Medull
Adrenal cortex: produces aldosterone that regulates sodium retention and excretion of potassium and cortisol (a glucocorticoid)
Adrenal medulla: (epinephrine) and (norepinephrine)
What is a pheocromocytoma?
A noncancerous tumor in the adrenal medulla (ontop of the kidneys)
It stimulates overproduction of epi and nor epinephrine
what are the 4 symptom of pheochromocytoma ?
- High blood pressure/ paroxysmal HTN (episodic volatile highblood pressure)
- sweating
- Palpitations
- headaches
How do you diagnose pheochromocytoma?
24-hour urine for metanephrines/catecholamines
if elevated then pt will need CT/MRI of adrenal glands
What symptoms would you see in renal artery stenosis?
- Secondary HTN
- epigastric or upper abdominal quadrant bruit
- headache
- Astherosclerosis
What symptoms would you expect to see in polycystic kidney disease?
HTN
flank pain
palpable abdominal mass
nausea/fatigue/elevated creatine
hematuria
CKD
3. Proteinuria
4. Flank pain
5. UTI/obstructive calculi
True or false, all diuretics cause hypokalemia?
yes! EXCEPT FOR spironolactone