Cartilage

Question 1

Where is cartilage located?

Answer 1

trachea, ear, respiratory tree and joints.

Question 2

What is the mature cell type found in cartilage? what are they surrounded by? and what is located in this surrounding layer?

Answer 2

chondrocytes

perichondrium (immature firboblasts are here which mature to chondroblasts and further mature to chondrocytes)

Question 3

is cartilage avascular or vascular?

Answer 3

avascular

Question 4

What do chondrocytes contain?

Answer 4

lipids, glycogen, well developed RER (highly active in protein synthesis), golgi

Question 5

Can cartilage regenerate quickly?

Answer 5

NO, limited mitosis.

Question 6

What act as spacers for collagen?

Answer 6

PG (made up of GAGs and collagen)

Question 7

Major difference between the matrix of cartilage and matrix of bone?

Answer 7

matrix of cartilage is NON mineralized and AVASCULAR.

Question 8

What are the three main types of cartilage? which is the most common?

Answer 8

hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage.

hyaline.

Question 9

Where does hyaline cartilage normally get its blood supply from?

Answer 9

surrounding adipose tissue (highly vascular)

Question 10

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 10

articular surfaces of joints, tracheal rings, bronchi, larynx, nose, rib cartilage.

Question 11

two big characteristics of hyaline cartilage are?

Answer 11

resilience and pliability

Question 12

What are isogenous groups?

Answer 12

cells located right next to one another because they have just recently divided.

Question 13

what is a territorial matrix?

Answer 13

newer matrix, surrounds cells that have recently divided, close to one another.

Question 14

what is an interterritorial matrix?

Answer 14

older matrix, around cells that have not recently divided.

Question 15

What are two types of cartilage growth?

Answer 15

1. appositional: cells growing from both ends and moving toward the center. main type of growth, more mature.
2. interstitial: isogenous groups growing by mitosis, grows from center and moves outwards. during early growth/development

Question 16

Main type of collagen in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 16

type 2

Question 17

territorial matrix often surrounds what type of groups?

Answer 17

isogenous

Question 18

What are lacunae?

Answer 18

holes in extracellular matrix where cells live, fluid filled.

Question 19

what are the two main components of the extracellular matrix in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 19

collagen 2 and PG.

Question 20

hyaline cartilage is normally surrounded by perichrondrium, what is the exception? what is the perichondrium made up of?

Answer 20

articular cartilage (around joints)
outer fibrous layer (fibroblasts here), inner chondrogenic layer (where chondroblasts are) and blood vessels.

Question 21

What differs between the extracellular matrix of elastic compared to hyaline?

Answer 21

elastic has similar matrix to hyaline but has elastic fibres and sheets (also has collagen type 2 and PGs)

Question 22

Where is elastic cartilage located?

Answer 22

ear, auditory canal, tube, epiglottis, larynx.

Question 23

Three main characteristics of elastic cartilage?

Answer 23

resilient, elasticity and pliability.

Question 24

is elastic cartilage avascular or vascular?

Answer 24

avascular

Question 25

what is elastic cartilage surrounded by?

Answer 25

perichondrium

Question 26

How are the chondrocytes arranged in fibrocartilage?

Answer 26

aggregates of small cells (fewer and smaller cells compared to other types), with many collagen one bundles

Question 27

what type of collagen is found in fibrocartilage?

Answer 27

type 1 AND type 2

Question 28

where is fibrocartilage located?

Answer 28

intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis, articular discs, menisci and tendon attachments.

Question 29

does firbocartilage have the perichondrium layer?

Answer 29

not in adults.

Question 30

what happens in arthritis? which type of cartilage is most prone?

Answer 30

calcification of articular cartilage (cartilage becomes bone usually during aging)
hyaline