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Biology 108 > Bio 108 - Lecture 14 / 15 > Flashcards

Bio 108 - Lecture 14 / 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Who is Kingdom Fungi Most Closely Related to?

A

Kingdom Animalia

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2
Q

What is “Opishtokonta”

A

A clade including fungi and animals

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3
Q

Opistho =

A

Posterior

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4
Q

Myco =

A

Fungus

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5
Q

Something that all fungi are?

A

Chemoheterotrophs

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6
Q

What are Exoenzymes?

A

Enzymes that fungi secrete outside of their body

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7
Q

Enzymes break down which organic molecules in animals and plants?

A

Plants: Cellulose and Lignin
Animals: Karatin and Chitin

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8
Q

What are Fungi Cell Walls Made from?

A

Chitin

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9
Q

Bodies of most fungi are composed of…

A

Hyphae

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10
Q

What is Mycelium? And What is its role?

A

Interwoven hyphal mat

Acts as feeding network

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11
Q

2 Main types of Hyphae? And Characteristics of Each

A

1) Septate - Have cross walls deciding cells into seperate chambers
2) Coenocytic - Lack cross walls

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12
Q

What ploidy are fungi spores and how are they made?

A

They are always 1n and they are made through mitosis and meiosis

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13
Q

What is Plasmogamy?

A

The fusion of two cytoplasms

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14
Q

What is a Heterkaryon?

A

A mycelium with two or more different genotypes of nuclei

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15
Q

What is a dikaryotic State?

A

When two genetically distinct nuclei move in together and share one hypal compartment

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16
Q

What is it called when two fungi nucleus fuse?

A

Karyogamy

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17
Q

Some Features of Chytridiomycota

A

Flagellated stages

  • Undergo alternation of generations
  • Implicated in the global decline of amphibians
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18
Q

Zygo =

A

Joined, twinned

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19
Q

Some Features of Phylum Zygomycota

A
  • Few are parasites
  • Most are like Rhizopus Stolonifer (mould)
  • Coenocytic Hyphae
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20
Q

Some Features of Phylum Glomeromycota

A

All species are in a symbiotic relationship with roots
- growth inside and outside roots
glom = ball of thread

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21
Q

Arbuscular Endomyccorhiza

A

Roots plus branching hyphae

22
Q

Some features of Phylum Ascomycota

A
  • sexually produced spores in sac like aci
  • Have septate hyphae
  • also can produce asexually
  • produces 8 ascospores
23
Q

What is an ascocarp?

A

When asci are clustered together in structures

24
Q

Condia vs condiphore what is each?

A

Condia are the tops of hyphae that are walled off

Condiaphore are the structure that bears condia

25
Q

Phylum Basidiomycota

A
  • consist of mushrooms and toadstools
  • Very important decomposers of lignin
  • When environment conditions are good, it produces sexually forming basidiocarps
26
Q

Moulds

A

Rapidly Producing asexually reproducing fungi

27
Q

Yeast

A

Unicellular, inhabit moist areas

- reproduce asexually by pinching off bud

28
Q

Micorrhizae

A

represents mutualistic symbiosis between plant roots and fungi
fungi help plants absorb minerals

29
Q

Lichens

A

A symbiotic mixture of fungal hyphae and a photosynthetic partner

  • asexual reproduction through soredia
  • sometimes fungi can live on its own, in which case you have the lichenized and the non-lichenized versions
30
Q

What is the role of Decomposers?

A

to break down complex organic molecules into inorganic forms

- most fungi decompose plant matter, break down lignin

31
Q

What are Fairy Rings?

A

Outward growth of decomposer hyphae

32
Q

What are Endolithic lichens?

A

Lichens that grow intirely under the surface of a rock

33
Q

Endo=

Lith

A

Within

Rock

34
Q

How many plant species lack chlorophyll?

A

400

35
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Something that is caused by fungi liberating plant hormones that cause excessive tissue growth

36
Q

Smut Fungi vs Ergot Fungi

A

Ergot: replaces seed with its own fruiting body
Smut: Replaces pollen with fungal spores

37
Q

What is a hypovirulent strain of fungus?

A

A strain that has been weakened by a virus

38
Q

What is a nematode trap?

A

A strangling ring that fungi have to kill small organisms

39
Q

What are mycoses?

A

Fungal diseases

40
Q

What does cutaneous mean?

Cutis =

A

Infection occurs on outer layer of skin

Cutis = Skin

41
Q

What is a dermatophyte?

A

Fungi that digest Keratin and cause cutaneous infections

42
Q

What is the most common systematic mycosis in North America?

A

Histoplasmosis

43
Q

What is Thrush caused by?

A

The yeast candida albicans

44
Q

What is the most common mushroom?

A

Agaricus Bisporus

45
Q

Some common foods from Fungi?

A

Truffles, Mushrooms, Morels, Yeast spreads, alcohol, cheese

46
Q

Common fungal medications?

A

Yeast as a health supplement

Penicillin

47
Q

What is the name for “Magic Mushrooms”

A

psilocybin

48
Q

What is St. Anthony’s Fire

A

A toxin that struck poor people in europe, characterized by violent convulsions, and gangrene so severe the limbs fell off

49
Q

What is the most toxic mushroom?

A

Amanita

50
Q

Where does St. Anthony’s fire and LSD come from?

A

Ergot

Biology 108 (18 decks)

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