ENTREP- CHAPTER 2 Flashcards
Changing Environments
From the _____________ the vast majority of nurses were employed by institutions, usually acute care hospitals. However, many nurses became disenchanted with the restrictions of institutional work, dissatisfied with workplace conditions, and disillusioned with the lack of autonomy given to the profession. They began to actively seek other ways to exert control over their work life.
1940s-1970s
Changing Environments
By the ___________, some nurses became the owners of agencies that
served nurses in this way, using their professional aspirations
in order to create a social enterprise that benefited nurses and
their patients.
1980s
Changing Environments
Most _____________________ were simply focusing on the patient as someone with a disease process that needed to be treated and released, failing to see the patient as a person with a family in a given social environment.
health care systems
Changing Environments
In response to these types of unmet patient needs, _______________ set up mental health counselling centres, clinics
in rural areas, adult day care centres for Alzheimer’s patients, occupational health programmes for mineworkers, and free
clinics for the homeless.
nurse entrepreneurs
The time is now!
In a world of _________________ and ___________________ interdependent national interests and trade agreements, the situation in which nurses live and work has changed dramatically.
global economic, technological change
The time is now!
At present, ___________ have many career choices, many of which can be more remunerative than nursing. For the profession to attract and retain the best and the brightest people, it must
provide economically attractive and satisfying positions.
women
The time is now!
can help generate those positions, and
promote the establishment of flexible, autonomous workplaces where nurses can be satisfactorily compensated.
Nurse entrepreneurs
The time is now! 2
has taken the position that entrepreneurship is a driver for economic
growth, competitiveness and job creation
European Commission
The time is now! 2
spearheads the work of International
Labour Organization’s ln Focus Programme on Boosting Employment Through Small Enterprise Development (SEED) in the field of female enterprise.
Women’s Entrepreneurship
Development and Gender
Equality (WEDGE)
The time is now! 2
publishes a “SME (Small and Medium
Enterprise) and Entrepreneurship
Outlook” on a regular basis (OECD 2006).
Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development
(OECD)
The time is now! 2
published “Strategic Framework for Women’s Enterprise: Sharing the vision of a collaborative approach to increasing female entrepreneurship (DTI 2006).
Department of Trade and Industry
Small Business Service
The time is now! 2
- Patient populations poorly served by the existing system;
- Greater emphasis on health status of communities;
- Increased use of ‘outsourced’ services by organizations;
- Transformation of licensure laws and professional scopes of practice;
- Workforce redesign and the displacement of nurses;
- Changing attitudes about the nursing profession;
- Dissatisfaction of nurses with changes imposed by employers;
- Direct reimbursement for some nursing services;
- Significant strides in positioning nurses as providers of health
services; - Increasing percentage of woman-owned businesses; and
- New technologies facilitating small, home-based businesses.
According to White and Begun (1998), some of the forces that provided the impetus for innovative roles include: The rise of the ‘knowledge worker’
The time is now! 2
- An economic crisis that favored decentralization and implementation of innovative cost-effective approaches, including entrepreneurship
- World focus on privatization
- Liberalization of trade in services, including international (e.g. regional trade blocs, international trade agreements)
- Facilities for entrepreneurial projects, i.e. information networks, legislation, public expectations, credit access (especially for
women); - Changes in societal perceptions of authority;
- Higher level of basic education and easier access to further
education;
-Increased consumer awareness and changing demands, including
in health matters; - Women’s new assertiveness in all parts of society;
- Greater diversity in women’s roles;
- Chronic dissatisfaction of nurses due to poor public image, unsatisfactory working conditions, inadequate decision-making
authority, inability to put into practice the knowledge and competencies acquired; - Growing unemployment, underemployment and casualization of
nurses; - Movement of patients with high acuity needs to non-traditional
settings; - Changing health needs of populations that were not adequately being met by the health services: e.g. elderly, AIDS patients,
chronically ill, de-institutionalized mental patients; - Greater emphasis on health promotion, illness and accident
prevention, rehabilitation and support services; - Significant advances in nursing knowledge;
- Wider prescriptive referral rights;
Direct laboratory access; and - Increasing number of mutual recognition agreements.
Kingma (1998) Importance among social and economic factors are:
Scope of Entrepreneurial Practice
- involves nurses owning and selling, for
example, the following products and/or services: - nursing services;
- development, assessment and sale of health care products and devices; legal services;
- health care/policy consultation; and
- health care/policy publications.
Nursing entrepreneurship
Scope of entrepreneurial practice
are found in all three economic systems:
market driven, mixed and even the public
sector.
Nurse entrepreneurs
